Chemistry - MT2 - Part 2

Question 1

What did Franciscus Sylvius do?

Answer 1

He put iatrochemistry on an entirely natural footing

Question 2

What did Sylvius propose? (2)

Answer 2

1. There is no archeus

2. There is no mystical alchemical being

Question 3

What did Sylvius think about biochemical transformations?

Answer 3

That biochemical transformations inside the body was the same for biochemical transformations outside the body

Question 4

What was Sylvius especially interested in? (2)

Answer 4

1. Acids

2. Alkalis

Question 5

What did Sylvius think about digestion?

Answer 5

That it needs both pancreatic secretions and bile

Question 6

What did Sylvius think illness resulted from?

Answer 6

Imbalance of acids and alkalis

Question 7

What did Sylvius invent?

Answer 7

Medicine for the kidneys

Question 8

What did tonic water do?

Answer 8

Allowed the British to add it to their drinks

• prevented malaria
• helped the kidneys
• the lime prevented scurvy

Question 9

What question did Rene Antoine Ferchault Reaumur want an answer to?

Answer 9

Is digestion a physical process or a chemical process?

Question 10

Is digestion a physical process or a chemical one?

Answer 10

Physical

Question 11

How did Reaumur demonstrate that digestion is a physical processes?

Answer 11

He put some meat inside a hollow metal cylinder stopped at both ends with wire gauze, in which the meat could not be ground by the stomach and introduced it into the stomach of a hawk. When he retrieved the cylinder, the meat was partially digested

Question 12

What is phlogiston?

Answer 12

It was the principle of combustion

Question 13

What was phlogision not another name for?

Answer 13

CO2

• it was not another name for anything
• phlogiston does not exist and it never did

Question 14

Phlogiston theory of combustion

Answer 14

Is a superseded scientific theory that postulated that a fire like element called phlogiston is contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion

• substance to burn – wood + phlogistion
• air for combustion without any phlogiston
• its a chemical reaction

Question 15

Oxidation theory of combustion

Answer 15

Is the theory that attempts to explain the process such as combustion and rusting

• wood full of assortment is stuff and the air has stuff
• when wood burns it fills stuff in the air
• requires from both wood and air in order to proceed

Question 16

Who was the originator of the phlogiston concept?

Answer 16

Johann Becher

Question 17

What did Becher believe?

Answer 17

The wood consists of ash and terra pinguis

- when wood burns, terra pinguis is released

Question 18

Who modified the concept of terra pinguis?

Answer 18

George Ernst Stahl

Question 19

What did Stahl rename terra pinguis?

Answer 19

Phlogiston

Question 20

What did Stahl believe? (4)

Answer 20

1. Believed that flame is heated air caused by the rush of phlogiston out of a rapidly burning material
2. That rusting is the same process as combustion, only slower, thus producing no flame
3. That air can hold phlogiston, but had a finite capacity to do so
4. Different materials have different kinds of phlogiston

Question 21

What did Stahl say about wood phlogiston?

Answer 21

It has positive weight

- when wood burned what was left after the combustion weighed less then wood

Question 22

What did Stahl say about metal phlogiston?

Answer 22

It had negative weight

- during rusting the metal gained weight

Question 23

Who discovered fixed air?

Answer 23

Joseph Black

Question 24

What is fixed air?

Answer 24

CO2

Question 25

What did Black note?

Answer 25

That burning, fermentation and the activities of animals produced something which was deadly to animals and which would extinguish a flame

Question 26

What did Joseph Priestley produce?

Answer 26

A new substance from mercuric oxide

• dephlogisticated air
• -> O2

Question 27

How is dephlogisticated different from fixed air?

Answer 27

Because it could support a candle longer than normal air

Question 28

What did Priestley believe about animals?

Answer 28

That they loaded the air with phlogiston, by respiration, just as combustion does

Question 29

What experiment did Priestley do to prove his theory about animals and air?

Answer 29

Put a mouse in a jar and see how long it took for the mouse to suffocate

Question 30

What did Priestley’s model of physiology propose?

Answer 30

That venous blood is loaded with phlogiston absorbed from the tissues, and that phlogiston is then released to the atmosphere in the lungs

Question 31

What has no phlogiston?

Answer 31

Arteries

Question 32

What restores dephlogisticated air?

Answer 32

Plants

- they therefore must take up phlogiston