Chemistry - MT2 - Part 2 Flashcards
What did Franciscus Sylvius do?
He put iatrochemistry on an entirely natural footing
What did Sylvius propose? (2)
- There is no archeus
2. There is no mystical alchemical being
What did Sylvius think about biochemical transformations?
That biochemical transformations inside the body was the same for biochemical transformations outside the body
What was Sylvius especially interested in? (2)
- Acids
2. Alkalis
What did Sylvius think about digestion?
That it needs both pancreatic secretions and bile
What did Sylvius think illness resulted from?
Imbalance of acids and alkalis
What did Sylvius invent?
Medicine for the kidneys
What did tonic water do?
Allowed the British to add it to their drinks
- prevented malaria
- helped the kidneys
- the lime prevented scurvy
What question did Rene Antoine Ferchault Reaumur want an answer to?
Is digestion a physical process or a chemical process?
Is digestion a physical process or a chemical one?
Physical
How did Reaumur demonstrate that digestion is a physical processes?
He put some meat inside a hollow metal cylinder stopped at both ends with wire gauze, in which the meat could not be ground by the stomach and introduced it into the stomach of a hawk. When he retrieved the cylinder, the meat was partially digested
What is phlogiston?
It was the principle of combustion
What was phlogision not another name for?
CO2
- it was not another name for anything
- phlogiston does not exist and it never did
Phlogiston theory of combustion
Is a superseded scientific theory that postulated that a fire like element called phlogiston is contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion
- substance to burn – wood + phlogistion
- air for combustion without any phlogiston
- its a chemical reaction
Oxidation theory of combustion
Is the theory that attempts to explain the process such as combustion and rusting
- wood full of assortment is stuff and the air has stuff
- when wood burns it fills stuff in the air
- requires from both wood and air in order to proceed
Who was the originator of the phlogiston concept?
Johann Becher
What did Becher believe?
The wood consists of ash and terra pinguis
- when wood burns, terra pinguis is released
Who modified the concept of terra pinguis?
George Ernst Stahl
What did Stahl rename terra pinguis?
Phlogiston
What did Stahl believe? (4)
- Believed that flame is heated air caused by the rush of phlogiston out of a rapidly burning material
- That rusting is the same process as combustion, only slower, thus producing no flame
- That air can hold phlogiston, but had a finite capacity to do so
- Different materials have different kinds of phlogiston
What did Stahl say about wood phlogiston?
It has positive weight
- when wood burned what was left after the combustion weighed less then wood
What did Stahl say about metal phlogiston?
It had negative weight
- during rusting the metal gained weight
Who discovered fixed air?
Joseph Black
What is fixed air?
CO2
What did Black note?
That burning, fermentation and the activities of animals produced something which was deadly to animals and which would extinguish a flame
What did Joseph Priestley produce?
A new substance from mercuric oxide
- dephlogisticated air
- -> O2
How is dephlogisticated different from fixed air?
Because it could support a candle longer than normal air
What did Priestley believe about animals?
That they loaded the air with phlogiston, by respiration, just as combustion does
What experiment did Priestley do to prove his theory about animals and air?
Put a mouse in a jar and see how long it took for the mouse to suffocate
What did Priestley’s model of physiology propose?
That venous blood is loaded with phlogiston absorbed from the tissues, and that phlogiston is then released to the atmosphere in the lungs
What has no phlogiston?
Arteries
What restores dephlogisticated air?
Plants
- they therefore must take up phlogiston
