Chemistry - MT2 - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Franciscus Sylvius do?

A

He put iatrochemistry on an entirely natural footing

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2
Q

What did Sylvius propose? (2)

A
  1. There is no archeus

2. There is no mystical alchemical being

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3
Q

What did Sylvius think about biochemical transformations?

A

That biochemical transformations inside the body was the same for biochemical transformations outside the body

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4
Q

What was Sylvius especially interested in? (2)

A
  1. Acids

2. Alkalis

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5
Q

What did Sylvius think about digestion?

A

That it needs both pancreatic secretions and bile

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6
Q

What did Sylvius think illness resulted from?

A

Imbalance of acids and alkalis

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7
Q

What did Sylvius invent?

A

Medicine for the kidneys

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8
Q

What did tonic water do?

A

Allowed the British to add it to their drinks

  • prevented malaria
  • helped the kidneys
  • the lime prevented scurvy
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9
Q

What question did Rene Antoine Ferchault Reaumur want an answer to?

A

Is digestion a physical process or a chemical process?

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10
Q

Is digestion a physical process or a chemical one?

A

Physical

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11
Q

How did Reaumur demonstrate that digestion is a physical processes?

A

He put some meat inside a hollow metal cylinder stopped at both ends with wire gauze, in which the meat could not be ground by the stomach and introduced it into the stomach of a hawk. When he retrieved the cylinder, the meat was partially digested

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12
Q

What is phlogiston?

A

It was the principle of combustion

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13
Q

What was phlogision not another name for?

A

CO2

  • it was not another name for anything
  • phlogiston does not exist and it never did
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14
Q

Phlogiston theory of combustion

A

Is a superseded scientific theory that postulated that a fire like element called phlogiston is contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion

  • substance to burn – wood + phlogistion
  • air for combustion without any phlogiston
  • its a chemical reaction
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15
Q

Oxidation theory of combustion

A

Is the theory that attempts to explain the process such as combustion and rusting

  • wood full of assortment is stuff and the air has stuff
  • when wood burns it fills stuff in the air
  • requires from both wood and air in order to proceed
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16
Q

Who was the originator of the phlogiston concept?

A

Johann Becher

17
Q

What did Becher believe?

A

The wood consists of ash and terra pinguis

- when wood burns, terra pinguis is released

18
Q

Who modified the concept of terra pinguis?

A

George Ernst Stahl

19
Q

What did Stahl rename terra pinguis?

A

Phlogiston

20
Q

What did Stahl believe? (4)

A
  1. Believed that flame is heated air caused by the rush of phlogiston out of a rapidly burning material
  2. That rusting is the same process as combustion, only slower, thus producing no flame
  3. That air can hold phlogiston, but had a finite capacity to do so
  4. Different materials have different kinds of phlogiston
21
Q

What did Stahl say about wood phlogiston?

A

It has positive weight

- when wood burned what was left after the combustion weighed less then wood

22
Q

What did Stahl say about metal phlogiston?

A

It had negative weight

- during rusting the metal gained weight

23
Q

Who discovered fixed air?

A

Joseph Black

24
Q

What is fixed air?

25
What did Black note?
That burning, fermentation and the activities of animals produced something which was deadly to animals and which would extinguish a flame
26
What did Joseph Priestley produce?
A new substance from mercuric oxide - dephlogisticated air - -> O2
27
How is dephlogisticated different from fixed air?
Because it could support a candle longer than normal air
28
What did Priestley believe about animals?
That they loaded the air with phlogiston, by respiration, just as combustion does
29
What experiment did Priestley do to prove his theory about animals and air?
Put a mouse in a jar and see how long it took for the mouse to suffocate
30
What did Priestley's model of physiology propose?
That venous blood is loaded with phlogiston absorbed from the tissues, and that phlogiston is then released to the atmosphere in the lungs
31
What has no phlogiston?
Arteries
32
What restores dephlogisticated air?
Plants | - they therefore must take up phlogiston