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Bio 400 - History of Biology > Heredity - MT3 - Part 2 > Flashcards

Heredity - MT3 - Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who did Mendel interest?

A

Karl Nageli

- eminent botanist

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2
Q

What did Nageli suggest?

A

That Mendel try to repeat his work with a different plant - hawkweed

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3
Q

What kind of plant was hawkweed?

A

Apomictic

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4
Q

Apomictic

A

Produces seeds without fertilization

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5
Q

Why was Nageli’s suggestion a terrible idea?

A

Because hawkweed was an apomictic plant

- Mendel genetics is sexual genetics and the plant wouldn’t work in this scenario

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6
Q

What did Nageli say about the cell theory?

A

That cells come from pre-existing cells

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7
Q

What could Mendel not do?

A

Repeat his work

- this was a contributing factor that lead him to abandon science

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8
Q

What 2 things did Weismann distinguish between?

A
  1. Germ-plasma

2. Somato-plasma

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9
Q

Germ-plasma

A

The precursor cells of sex cells

  • the sex cells come form a group of cells that set aside very early in development
  • preserved and not do divide often
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10
Q

What is germ-plasma responsible for?

A

Gernerational continuity

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11
Q

Somato-plasma

A

The rest of the cells in the body

- important but not for generational continuity

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12
Q

What did Weismann and Mendel’s theory of inheritance have on common?

A

It invovled hereditary particles rather than fluids

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13
Q

What does a germ cell have?

A

Hundreds of complete sets of hereditary particles, passed along form previous generations

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14
Q

What did each cell contain?

A

Chromosomes that contain genomes going back many generations

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15
Q

Biometrics

A

Is the application of statistics to biological problems

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16
Q

Who was biometrics pioneered by?

A

Sir Francis Galton

- cousins of Darwins

17
Q

What kind of variation did Mendel study?

A

Discrete (discontinuous) variation

18
Q

What kind of variation did Galton study?

A

Quantitative (continuous) variation

19
Q

What did Galton thing quantitative (continuous) variation to be the key for?

A

To the study of both hereditary and evolution
- as well important in the study of practical problems of genetics such as increase milk production of cattle or of yields of crops

20
Q

What did Galton’s law not distinguish between?

A

Genes and genomes

- no atoms of inheritance

21
Q

What did Galton want to know?

A

If prayer had any power

22
Q

What was Galton considered to be the founder of?

A

Eugenics

23
Q

Eugenics

A

Is the science of improving the human race heritably by selective reproduction

24
Q

What did Alberta Eugenics Board do?

A

It didnt selectively breed people, but it supervised the sterilization of mentally handicapped individuals

25
Q

What was Mendel simply viewed as?

A

A pea breeder

26
Q

What were the 3 rediscover?

A
  1. Hugo de Vries discovery
  2. Carl Correns discovery
  3. Erich von Tschermak discovery
27
Q

What did de Vries do?

A

From breeding experiments with poppies he independently derived all of Mendel’s observations and explanation models
- dominant vs recessive

28
Q

What did de Vries discover?

A

The re-appearance of the recessive trait in the F2 generation
- 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation

29
Q

What did de Vries conclude?

A

That the hereditary units were intracellular pangenes

  • probably located on the chromosome
  • structural interpretation
30
Q

What did Correns do?

A

The same kind of experiments with peas, but with maize

31
Q

Who did Correns dislike?

A

de Vries

32
Q

Why did Correns dislike de Vries?

A

Because he never credited Mendel in any of his papers

33
Q

What did von Tschermak do?

A

He bred peas, using green/yellow cotyledons and round/wrinkle seeds and derived the same 3:1 ratio

  • he also did the same backcross as Mendel and got the same results
  • friendly to Mendel’s case because his grandfather ruined his life

Bio 400 - History of Biology (33 decks)

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