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Bio 400 - History of Biology > Darwin - MT3 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Darwin - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Darwin’s achievements? (4)

A
  1. He made a convincing case for the reality of evolutionary change
    - first time it was widely accepted
  2. He killed essentialism in biology
  3. He presented a reasonable mechanism for evolution
    - natural selection
  4. He explained the apparent design and purpose in organisms in a natural way
    - he banished teleological explanation from biology
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2
Q

What did purpose gradually change into for Darwin?

A

Function

- refers to the organisms and how it functions in the environment

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3
Q

What was Darwin free of all his life?

A

Financial worries

  • inherited significant wealth
  • had successful books
  • invested money wisely
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4
Q

What did Darwin initially study?

A

Medicine

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5
Q

What did Darwin lack when studying medicine? (2)

A
  1. Interest

2. Motivation

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6
Q

What was Darwin’s pet tortoise’s name?

A

Harriet

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7
Q

What did Darwin secretly start thinking of?

A

Evolution

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8
Q

What did Darwin call evolution?

A

Species transmutation

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9
Q

What did Darwin suffer from? (7)

A
  1. Stomach upset
  2. Vomiting
  3. Trembling
  4. Boils
  5. Palpitations
  6. Anxiety
  7. Stress
  • when his health deteriorated he remained poor for the rest of his life
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10
Q

What 3 diseases did Darwin have?

A
  1. Chron’s disease
  2. Chagas disease
  3. Psychosematic illness
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11
Q

What did Darwin research at Down House? (8)

A
  1. Barnacles
  2. Evolution
  3. Earthworms
  4. Animal behaviour
  5. Insectivorous
  6. Power of movement in plants
  7. Plant reproduction
  8. Domesticated plants and animals and their variations
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12
Q

What was Darwin’s evolution work the result of?

A

Primary observation by himself and others

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13
Q

What did people think Darwin had? (2)

A
  1. Photographic memory

2. The ability to tie different ideas together

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14
Q

What convinced Darwin that evolution occurs?

A

The observations and material he had gathered on his voyages

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15
Q

What was Darwin interested in?

A

Finches from the Galapagos Islands

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16
Q

Why was the Galapagos Island a good place to observe natural selection? (2)

A
  1. It was a volcanic island (time zero)

2. Hard to get to/isolated

17
Q

What did Darwin search for?

A

The cause of evolutionary change

  • wondered what natural phenomenon could select for certain inherited traits
  • -> artificial selection
18
Q

Artificial selection

A

The breeder controls what characteristics are selected to remodel species

19
Q

What did Thomas Malthus create?

A

A curve

  • thought human population would grow exponentially
  • available resources were linear
  • the difference between the 2 lines he classified as human misery
20
Q

The Sketch – 1842

A

Darwin wrote out his evolution ideas in a manuscript

- did not publish in his lifetime

21
Q

The Essay – 1844

A

Was the expanded version of the sketch

  • had all Darwin’s major ideas
  • not published either
22
Q

Why did Chambers book make Darwin more confident?

A

Because it matched a lot of his ideas with the book

23
Q

Why did Darwin keep his essay a secret? (3)

A
  1. Wasnt a strong case to withstand the critisism that would come
  2. Terrified and chickened out
    - didnt like controversy
  3. Needed to acquire a reputation as a strong scientist by some other kind of work
    - studied barnacles
24
Q

What experiment did Darwin do when he returned to his evolutionary work?

A

He germinated a lot of seeds and when they poked up he marked them and came back when they matured and counted the markers where there were no plants

  • most seeds faced mortality because he looked were they were seedless
  • dying young
25
Q

What did Alfred Russel Wallace create?

A

The Wallace line

26
Q

Wallace line

A

Is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859, that separates the eco-zones of Asia and Wallacea, a transitional zone between Asia and Australia

27
Q

Who did Darwin take advice from when he could not get in touch with Wallace quickly? (2)

A
  1. Lyell

2. Hooker

Bio 400 - History of Biology (33 decks)

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