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Bio 400 - History of Biology > Heredity - MT3 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Heredity - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were 3 ancient ideas about hereditary?

A
  1. Hippocrates
    - pangenesis
  2. Aristotle
    - form + potentiality = actuality
  3. Bible
    - experiences of the mother during pregnancy affect the offspring in a directional way
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2
Q

Pangenesis

A

Particles travelled to the sex cells and passed onto offspring

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3
Q

What are 2 examples of general fluids?

A
  1. Semen

2. Menstrual blood

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4
Q

Maternal impression

A

Experiences of the mother during pregnancy affect the offspring in a directional way

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5
Q

What is an example of maternal impression?

A

The elephant man

- Joseph Merrick

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6
Q

The elephant man

A

In early age Marrick developed growths all over his body
- his mother was pregnant with him and was frightened by an out of control elephant and she produced a son that looked like an elephant

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7
Q

Intermediates

A

Weird hybridizations between quite different animals, yielding different species in appearance

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8
Q

What is an example on an intermediate?

A

Mating a sparrow and a camel you get an ostrich

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9
Q

Genetic purity

A

A concept that derives from essentialism

- genetic uniformity is most desirable

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10
Q

A pure line of wheat has what?

A

Little or no genetic variability

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11
Q

Preformationism

A

Thought little guys lived in sperm and little girls lived in eggs

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12
Q

Epigenetics

A

Thought inheritance was about transformed the ability to create form

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13
Q

Blending inheritance

A

Thought heredity was passed though the blood

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14
Q

Ideas about inheritance in history? (6)

A
  1. Ancient ideas
  2. Intermediates
  3. Inheritance of acquired characteristics
  4. Genetic purity
  5. Transmission of pre-existing form or the ability to create new form
  6. Blending inheritance
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15
Q

Darwin compared to Mendel (6)

A
  1. Wealthy
  2. Was aware of his significance of his work
  3. Had more adventures
  4. Was famous in his day
  5. Good paper record
  6. Long involvement in biology
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16
Q

Mendel compared to Darwin (6)

A
  1. Poor
  2. Unaware of his significance of his work
  3. Had no adventures
  4. Was not famous in his day
  5. Poor paper record
  6. Short term involvement in biology (~10 years)
17
Q

What kind of science did Mendel do?

A

Implied experiments

18
Q

Mendel’s life (8)

A
  1. Born into a poor family
  2. Was a student until he ran out of money (father was sick)
  3. Dropped out without graduating
  4. Became a monk
  5. Worked as a substitute teacher
  6. Had a hard time trying to pass his exams
  7. Performed his pea hybridization experiment
  8. Died
19
Q

Why did Mendel like being a munk? (5)

A
  1. Not a lot of responsibility
  2. Didnt make a lot of money
  3. Secure place to live
  4. Was respected
  5. Was fed and housed
20
Q

What did Mendel do?

A

Pea hybridization experiment

21
Q

What did the pea hybridization experiment require?

A

Gathering of immense amounts of data

22
Q

What were some of Mendel’s setbacks? (4)

A
  1. Presented his results in an oral talk but no one knew what he was talking about
  2. A storm destroyed his green house, losing some work
  3. Elected head monk of his monastery
    - deafening silence concerning his work from scientific community also transpired to end his scientific career
  4. Couldnt repeat his work in another plant
23
Q

What happened after Mendel died?

A

His personal papers were burned

- hard to interpret his work because he wrote in a logical order and not a chronological way

24
Q

What did Mendel observe?

A

Segregation of traits

25
Q

Progeny

A

A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring

26
Q

Hybridization

A

The process of an animal or plant breeding with an individual of another species or variety

27
Q

What was Mendel’s novelty about segregation?

A

Was to count the progeny and try to derive an abstract model to explain the numbers

28
Q

What can not all plants do?

A

Self and cross pollinate

- but peas can

29
Q

What did Mendel’s model imply?

A

Particulate inheritance

30
Q

What do hereditary factors behave as?

A

Distinct, indivisible entities, or atoms of inheritance and not as continuous influences or fluids

31
Q

What animal did Mendel want to do his experiments on?

A

Mice

- but the pope said no

32
Q

What did Mendel discover?

A

That you cant un-blend paint

- discovered it was not fluid but it was in particles

33
Q

Medels model

A

During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

34
Q

What could not be changed through these generations?

A

Atoms

Bio 400 - History of Biology (33 decks)

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