Heredity - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards
What were 3 ancient ideas about hereditary?
- Hippocrates
- pangenesis - Aristotle
- form + potentiality = actuality - Bible
- experiences of the mother during pregnancy affect the offspring in a directional way
Pangenesis
Particles travelled to the sex cells and passed onto offspring
What are 2 examples of general fluids?
- Semen
2. Menstrual blood
Maternal impression
Experiences of the mother during pregnancy affect the offspring in a directional way
What is an example of maternal impression?
The elephant man
- Joseph Merrick
The elephant man
In early age Marrick developed growths all over his body
- his mother was pregnant with him and was frightened by an out of control elephant and she produced a son that looked like an elephant
Intermediates
Weird hybridizations between quite different animals, yielding different species in appearance
What is an example on an intermediate?
Mating a sparrow and a camel you get an ostrich
Genetic purity
A concept that derives from essentialism
- genetic uniformity is most desirable
A pure line of wheat has what?
Little or no genetic variability
Preformationism
Thought little guys lived in sperm and little girls lived in eggs
Epigenetics
Thought inheritance was about transformed the ability to create form
Blending inheritance
Thought heredity was passed though the blood
Ideas about inheritance in history? (6)
- Ancient ideas
- Intermediates
- Inheritance of acquired characteristics
- Genetic purity
- Transmission of pre-existing form or the ability to create new form
- Blending inheritance
Darwin compared to Mendel (6)
- Wealthy
- Was aware of his significance of his work
- Had more adventures
- Was famous in his day
- Good paper record
- Long involvement in biology
Mendel compared to Darwin (6)
- Poor
- Unaware of his significance of his work
- Had no adventures
- Was not famous in his day
- Poor paper record
- Short term involvement in biology (~10 years)
What kind of science did Mendel do?
Implied experiments
Mendel’s life (8)
- Born into a poor family
- Was a student until he ran out of money (father was sick)
- Dropped out without graduating
- Became a monk
- Worked as a substitute teacher
- Had a hard time trying to pass his exams
- Performed his pea hybridization experiment
- Died
Why did Mendel like being a munk? (5)
- Not a lot of responsibility
- Didnt make a lot of money
- Secure place to live
- Was respected
- Was fed and housed
What did Mendel do?
Pea hybridization experiment
What did the pea hybridization experiment require?
Gathering of immense amounts of data
What were some of Mendel’s setbacks? (4)
- Presented his results in an oral talk but no one knew what he was talking about
- A storm destroyed his green house, losing some work
- Elected head monk of his monastery
- deafening silence concerning his work from scientific community also transpired to end his scientific career - Couldnt repeat his work in another plant
What happened after Mendel died?
His personal papers were burned
- hard to interpret his work because he wrote in a logical order and not a chronological way
What did Mendel observe?
Segregation of traits
Progeny
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring
Hybridization
The process of an animal or plant breeding with an individual of another species or variety
What was Mendel’s novelty about segregation?
Was to count the progeny and try to derive an abstract model to explain the numbers
What can not all plants do?
Self and cross pollinate
- but peas can
What did Mendel’s model imply?
Particulate inheritance
What do hereditary factors behave as?
Distinct, indivisible entities, or atoms of inheritance and not as continuous influences or fluids
What animal did Mendel want to do his experiments on?
Mice
- but the pope said no
What did Mendel discover?
That you cant un-blend paint
- discovered it was not fluid but it was in particles
Medels model
During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
What could not be changed through these generations?
Atoms
