Heredity - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What were 3 ancient ideas about hereditary?

A
  1. Hippocrates
    - pangenesis
  2. Aristotle
    - form + potentiality = actuality
  3. Bible
    - experiences of the mother during pregnancy affect the offspring in a directional way
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pangenesis

A

Particles travelled to the sex cells and passed onto offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 examples of general fluids?

A
  1. Semen

2. Menstrual blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maternal impression

A

Experiences of the mother during pregnancy affect the offspring in a directional way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of maternal impression?

A

The elephant man

- Joseph Merrick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The elephant man

A

In early age Marrick developed growths all over his body
- his mother was pregnant with him and was frightened by an out of control elephant and she produced a son that looked like an elephant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intermediates

A

Weird hybridizations between quite different animals, yielding different species in appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example on an intermediate?

A

Mating a sparrow and a camel you get an ostrich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genetic purity

A

A concept that derives from essentialism

- genetic uniformity is most desirable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A pure line of wheat has what?

A

Little or no genetic variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Preformationism

A

Thought little guys lived in sperm and little girls lived in eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epigenetics

A

Thought inheritance was about transformed the ability to create form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blending inheritance

A

Thought heredity was passed though the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ideas about inheritance in history? (6)

A
  1. Ancient ideas
  2. Intermediates
  3. Inheritance of acquired characteristics
  4. Genetic purity
  5. Transmission of pre-existing form or the ability to create new form
  6. Blending inheritance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Darwin compared to Mendel (6)

A
  1. Wealthy
  2. Was aware of his significance of his work
  3. Had more adventures
  4. Was famous in his day
  5. Good paper record
  6. Long involvement in biology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mendel compared to Darwin (6)

A
  1. Poor
  2. Unaware of his significance of his work
  3. Had no adventures
  4. Was not famous in his day
  5. Poor paper record
  6. Short term involvement in biology (~10 years)
17
Q

What kind of science did Mendel do?

A

Implied experiments

18
Q

Mendel’s life (8)

A
  1. Born into a poor family
  2. Was a student until he ran out of money (father was sick)
  3. Dropped out without graduating
  4. Became a monk
  5. Worked as a substitute teacher
  6. Had a hard time trying to pass his exams
  7. Performed his pea hybridization experiment
  8. Died
19
Q

Why did Mendel like being a munk? (5)

A
  1. Not a lot of responsibility
  2. Didnt make a lot of money
  3. Secure place to live
  4. Was respected
  5. Was fed and housed
20
Q

What did Mendel do?

A

Pea hybridization experiment

21
Q

What did the pea hybridization experiment require?

A

Gathering of immense amounts of data

22
Q

What were some of Mendel’s setbacks? (4)

A
  1. Presented his results in an oral talk but no one knew what he was talking about
  2. A storm destroyed his green house, losing some work
  3. Elected head monk of his monastery
    - deafening silence concerning his work from scientific community also transpired to end his scientific career
  4. Couldnt repeat his work in another plant
23
Q

What happened after Mendel died?

A

His personal papers were burned

- hard to interpret his work because he wrote in a logical order and not a chronological way

24
Q

What did Mendel observe?

A

Segregation of traits

25
Progeny
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring
26
Hybridization
The process of an animal or plant breeding with an individual of another species or variety
27
What was Mendel's novelty about segregation?
Was to count the progeny and try to derive an abstract model to explain the numbers
28
What can not all plants do?
Self and cross pollinate | - but peas can
29
What did Mendel's model imply?
Particulate inheritance
30
What do hereditary factors behave as?
Distinct, indivisible entities, or atoms of inheritance and not as continuous influences or fluids
31
What animal did Mendel want to do his experiments on?
Mice | - but the pope said no
32
What did Mendel discover?
That you cant un-blend paint | - discovered it was not fluid but it was in particles
33
Medels model
During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
34
What could not be changed through these generations?
Atoms