Describing and Arranging Organisms - MT2 - Part 2

Question 1

Buffons law

Answer 1

Different regions that have similar environments will have different plants and animals

• shara (eg. euphorbia + camels)
• arizon (eg. cadi + camels)

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

The interior mould of a species is unchangeable

Question 3

Who is Mayr?

Answer 3

He is not an evolutionist, but is the father of evolution

Question 4

What did Buffon say about evolution?

Answer 4

There is no common intermediate between 2 species

- eg) horses and zebras were not called zohorses

Question 5

What did Buffon introduce?

Answer 5

History to the study of life

Question 6

What does biology have and not have? (2)

Answer 6

1. Has a past

2. Does not have a history

Question 7

What 7 periods in the histroy of life did Buffon propose?

Answer 7

1. A comet hit the sun, ejecting debris
2. Some of the debris cooled to form the planets, including the earth
3. Oceans formed, marine life was spontaneously generated
4. The waters retreated and the continents formed
   - explains fossils on mountains
5. Animal life was generated on land
   - not all life formed at the same time
6. The continents fragmented
7. Humans appeared and took over

Question 8

What is the earths temperature an indicator of?

Answer 8

Its age

• since the earth has been cooling ever since its formation it can indicate its age
• known as the arrow of time

Question 9

What was Buffon’s importance for later evolutionary thought? (5)

Answer 9

1. Very popular writer
   - his ideas were widely circulated
2. Concept of adaptation to a changing world
3. Weakening of essentialism
4. Rejected of genesis as useful document
5. Biography
   - this is the most important one

Question 10

What was Carl Linnaeus the first to use?

Answer 10

Binomial nomenclature consistently

- in doing so he separated the naming of organisms from the description of the organism

Question 11

What did Linnaeus form?

Answer 11

A nested hierarchical classification system

Question 12

What did Linnaeus use when classifying plants?

Answer 12

Sexual features

Question 13

What were Linnaeus’ 4 groups of classification?

Answer 13

1. Class
2. Order
3. Genus
4. Species

Question 14

What did Linnaeus understand?

Answer 14

The importance of entirely natural groups

- although he didnt know enough about plants to form strictly natural groups in his own taxonomy

Question 15

What did Linnaeus think about plants?

Answer 15

That they were sexual

• classes –> number of stamens
• order –> number of pistals
• genera –> natural

Question 16

What did Linnaeus inspire?

Answer 16

The cataloguing of biodiversity

- put species in a rational system

Question 17

What was a pro to Linnaeus’s system of evolutionary thought?

Answer 17

Nested hierarchy did suggest a relationship

Question 18

What were 2 cons to Linnaeus’s system of evolutionary thought?

Answer 18

1. Species boundaries were fixed

2. Relationship suggested by nesting

Question 19

Who invented biological keys?

Answer 19

Lamarck

Question 20

Biological keys

Answer 20

Is a printed of a computer-aided device that aids the identification if biological entities, such as plants, animals, fossils, microorganisms and pollen grains

Question 21

What term did Lamarck invent?

Answer 21

The term biology

Question 22

What are biological keys used for?

Answer 22

To identify specimens of known plants by a species of 2 fold decisions
- simple tools to access information

Question 23

Dichotomous keys for leaves

Answer 23

Is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals. reptile, rocks and fish