Scientific Revolution and the Human Body - MT2 - Part 3

Question 1

What did William Harvey do?

Answer 1

He added the systemic circuit

Question 2

What did Harvey conclude?

Answer 2

That blood circulates

- in both pulmonary and systemic

Question 3

How did Harvey show there were 2 circuits?

Answer 3

He cut open a pig in a cold room to slow down the process to see how things worked
- interested in the movement of blood

Question 4

Why didnt Harvey publish his work?

Answer 4

He didnt want the man at large to be his enemy because he hated controversy so he didnt go to print
- published in 1892

Question 5

Why do veins have valves?

Answer 5

To ensure one way flow of blood

Question 6

What can help move blood to the heart?

Answer 6

Skeletal muscles

Question 7

What happens if you tie off an artery in a living animal?

Answer 7

The side towards the heart bulges

Question 8

What happens if you tie off a vein in a living animal?

Answer 8

The side away from the heart bulges

Question 9

Which way does blood move in veins?

Answer 9

Towards the heart

Question 10

Which way does blood move in arteries?

Answer 10

Away from the heart

Question 11

What is the first organ to hear about the food you eat?

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

What kind of organ is the liver?

Answer 12

Biochemical

Question 13

How do tissues get nourishment?

Answer 13

By reusing and circulating blood

Question 14

What did Galen propose about veins and arteries?

Answer 14

That there must be an invisible connection between arterioles and venules

Question 15

What is the air that need to be distributed by the arteries? (3)

Answer 15

1. Pneuma
2. Vital spirits
3. Innate heart

• O2 is still not fully understood

Question 16

What is the connections between arterial system and the veinus system?

Answer 16

Arterioles and venules

Question 17

What did Harveys work highlight?

Answer 17

The mechanical aspect of organismal function

Question 18

What did Harveys work suggest?

Answer 18

Blood transfusions as a treatment for blood loss

- patients use to receive sheep’s blood in order to prevent blood loss

Question 19

Mechanicism

Answer 19

Living processes are the consequence of fundamental laws of physics, mechanics and chemistry
- better for experiments

Question 20

Vitalism

Answer 20

Living process depend upon a vital force that is not explainable in physical, mechanical or chemical terms

• natural way of thinking
• very hard to test

Question 21

What is an example of a mechanicism?

Answer 21

Human beings

- but they alone possess a soul to direct their actions

Question 22

Are animals mechanicisms?

Answer 22

No, because they dont have souls

Question 23

What did Descartes think of the pineal gland?

Answer 23

Thought it was unique to the human body because this was where the soul connected to the body

Question 24

According to Descartes, what is the universe?

Answer 24

Is a mechanical system

Question 25

What is an example biological process?

Answer 25

Digestion of food

Question 26

What evidence did Giovanni Borelli gather?

Answer 26

That digestion consists of the mechanical pulverization of food