Early Days in Microscopy - MT2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aristophanes

A

His play clouds uses a burning lens (convex and thus capable of magnification) as a lot device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pliny

A

Physicians in Rome used burning lenses to create therapeutic burns
- a globe filled with water can magnify small objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alhazen

A

A transparent sphere can produce an enlarged image, but no practical use for this is suggested
- he also describes how the lens of the eye produces an image on the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon describe?

A

Telescopes

- Bacon describes eyeglasses, burning lenses and magnifiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the compound microscope invented?

A

1590

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who invented the compound microscope? (3)

A
  1. Hans Janssen
  2. Zacharias Janssen
  3. Hans Lippershey
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 things does compound microscopes have?

A
  1. Higher magnification than 1 lens magnifiers

2. More aberrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do aberrations do?

A

They impair accurate viewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did people who didnt trust microscopes think they were? (2)

A
  1. Unnatural

2. Misleading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the large leap with microscopes?

A

Imagination to accept that you could see thing with a tool that could not be seen from a human eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Robert Hooke do?

A

He set up a new microscope demonstration every week for the Royal Society’s meetings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who was the Royal Society?

A

They were the first people to be interested in science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Marcell Malpighi of Bologna do?

A

Completed Harvey’s model of blood circulation was completed in structural terms
- he examined frog lungs and saw the capillary connections between arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Malpighi observe?

A

The early stages of embryological development in chickens through his microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does biological form develop? (2)

A
  1. Epigeneticists

2. Preformationists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epigeneticists

A

Form developed from formlessness

- human egg/embryo was formless

17
Q

Preformationists

A

Form didnt develop, form grew

- believed little people existed in sperm

18
Q

What was Leeuwenhoek’s advantage to having a non-science background?

A

An independent mind

19
Q

What was Leeuwenhoek’s disadvantage to having a non-science background?

A
  1. Lack of communication

2. Lack of training

20
Q

How did Leeuwenhoek make his lenses? (4)

A
  1. Melted glass
  2. Pulled the filaments
  3. Broke it
  4. Cooled it
21
Q

What did Leeuwenhoek discover?

A

Blood capillaries (independently but after Malpighi)

22
Q

What did Leeuwenhoek find when he was trying to discover why pepper was hot?

A

After incubation of pepper in water he found motile bacteria and protozoa

23
Q

What was Leeuwenhoek greatest achievement?

A

That motility meant life

24
Q

Generative cells

A

A medical student drew Leeuwenhoek’s attention to tiny motile cells he had seen in semen of a patient with gonorrhea
- Leeuwenhoek opposed the idea animacules

25
Animacules
Tiny little sperm people
26
Spontaneous generation
Leeuwenhoek doubted that corn in storage could spontaneously produce corn weevils and he followed corn weevil life cycle from egg to egg to disprove it
27
What was Leeuwenhoek also interested in?
Lice | - he experimented on them by introducing them to his leg hair
28
What did microscopy languish until the 19th century?
Leeuwenhoek refused to train students with microscopy
29
How were compound microscopes fixed from aberrations?
They put a coating on the lenses in order to correct its viewing errors