Darwin - MT3 - Part 2 Flashcards
Why was Darwin never knighted?
When his book came out he became a too controversial character and his name was withdrawn and was resubmitted
What was Darwin’s book “The Origin of Species devoted to? (3)
- Artificial selection
- Natural selection
- the rest showed how common descent explains morphological similarities in systematic groupings, embryological similarities, rudimentary and vestigial organs, the geographical distribution of organisms and fossil sequences in the stratigraphical column
What were 2 proposed caused of evolution change for Darwin?
- Natural selection
2. Use and disuse
What kind of process did Darwin think natural selection was?
A slow process
What is Darwin’s take on use and disuse theory?
If a part was used it would be transmitted to a sex cells and then later generation it would be stronger
- if not used it would wither away
What is an example of Darwin’s use and disuse theory?
Blind cave fish
- thought they didnt use their eyes and then was diminished through the lack of use
What are 2 types of Darwin variation?
- Sports (not activities)
- makes the offspring look very different from the parents - Individual variation
What are hereditary factors?
Particles that were born around the body in genetic variation
What did Darwin call the particles that were born around the body in genetic variation?
Genules
What do genules do?
They carry information from different parts of the body to sex cells
What is the process that genules are known as?
Pangenesis
- hippocratic view of heredity
What 2 debates arose?
- Whether Darwin was correct or not
2. If he were correct, what the meaning of evolution might be for society, morality and philosophy
What reality was quick accepted into science?
Evolutionary change
What theory was under attack from many scientific critics?
The theory of natural selection
What is Fleeming Jenkin-Darwinian evolution inconsistent with?
What is known about hereditary and the nature of species
What did Jenkin think an organism can be?
A sphere
- nothing could go outside this sphere
- provided parameters
What will large genetic variants be quickly blended out by? And why?
Sexual reproduction
- because offspring tend to be intermediate in appearance relative to their parents
What was Darwin’s response to Jenkin? (2)
- Sphere doesnt represent the nature of some species
2. Natural selection is a slow process
Whats A.T Bennetts take on natural selection?
It cannot fashion complicated adaptation requiring many steps because each step would have to be both small but adaptive
- each step needed to have some selective advantage
What was Sir William Thomson opinion?
That the earth has not been habitable by life for a long enough time for Darwinism evolution to have occurred
- the sun does not have enough energy reserves to have existed for very ling
- people didnt know about nuclear fission
Where did people think created enough energy for the sun?
People thought it came from gravitational attraction and compression
When was Darwinism considered dead?
1900
What does Darwinism refer to?
Evolution by natural selection
