Darwin - MT3 - Part 2

Question 1

Why was Darwin never knighted?

Answer 1

When his book came out he became a too controversial character and his name was withdrawn and was resubmitted

Question 2

What was Darwin’s book “The Origin of Species devoted to? (3)

Answer 2

1. Artificial selection
2. Natural selection

• the rest showed how common descent explains morphological similarities in systematic groupings, embryological similarities, rudimentary and vestigial organs, the geographical distribution of organisms and fossil sequences in the stratigraphical column

Question 3

What were 2 proposed caused of evolution change for Darwin?

Answer 3

1. Natural selection

2. Use and disuse

Question 4

What kind of process did Darwin think natural selection was?

Answer 4

A slow process

Question 5

What is Darwin’s take on use and disuse theory?

Answer 5

If a part was used it would be transmitted to a sex cells and then later generation it would be stronger
- if not used it would wither away

Question 6

What is an example of Darwin’s use and disuse theory?

Answer 6

Blind cave fish

- thought they didnt use their eyes and then was diminished through the lack of use

Question 7

What are 2 types of Darwin variation?

Answer 7

1. Sports (not activities)
   - makes the offspring look very different from the parents
2. Individual variation

Question 8

What are hereditary factors?

Answer 8

Particles that were born around the body in genetic variation

Question 9

What did Darwin call the particles that were born around the body in genetic variation?

Answer 9

Genules

Question 10

What do genules do?

Answer 10

They carry information from different parts of the body to sex cells

Question 11

What is the process that genules are known as?

Answer 11

Pangenesis

- hippocratic view of heredity

Question 12

What 2 debates arose?

Answer 12

1. Whether Darwin was correct or not

2. If he were correct, what the meaning of evolution might be for society, morality and philosophy

Question 13

What reality was quick accepted into science?

Answer 13

Evolutionary change

Question 14

What theory was under attack from many scientific critics?

Answer 14

The theory of natural selection

Question 15

What is Fleeming Jenkin-Darwinian evolution inconsistent with?

Answer 15

What is known about hereditary and the nature of species

Question 16

What did Jenkin think an organism can be?

Answer 16

A sphere

• nothing could go outside this sphere
• provided parameters

Question 17

What will large genetic variants be quickly blended out by? And why?

Answer 17

Sexual reproduction

- because offspring tend to be intermediate in appearance relative to their parents

Question 18

What was Darwin’s response to Jenkin? (2)

Answer 18

1. Sphere doesnt represent the nature of some species

2. Natural selection is a slow process

Question 19

Whats A.T Bennetts take on natural selection?

Answer 19

It cannot fashion complicated adaptation requiring many steps because each step would have to be both small but adaptive
- each step needed to have some selective advantage

Question 20

What was Sir William Thomson opinion?

Answer 20

That the earth has not been habitable by life for a long enough time for Darwinism evolution to have occurred

• the sun does not have enough energy reserves to have existed for very ling
• people didnt know about nuclear fission

Question 21

Where did people think created enough energy for the sun?

Answer 21

People thought it came from gravitational attraction and compression

Question 22

When was Darwinism considered dead?

Answer 22

1900

Question 23

What does Darwinism refer to?

Answer 23

Evolution by natural selection