The Frontal Lobes and the Hippocampus

Question 1

There are both attentional and default networks of brain activity. They have a(n) ____________ distribution in the brain.

Answer 1

anticorrelative

Question 2

Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex results in ____________________.

Answer 2

inability to use intention to modulate attention

Question 3

The ______________ is activated by conflict monitoring.

Answer 3

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 4

Abulia means ____________.

Answer 4

lack of will

Question 5

The hippocampus is crucial for ______________ memory and _____________ memory.

Answer 5

episodic; spatial

Question 6

The primary input into the hippocampus is the ___________ cortex.

Answer 6

entorhinal

Question 7

The hippocampus is ____________ layers after the subiculum.

Answer 7

three

Question 8

The ____________ is the output portion of the hippocampus.

Answer 8

subiculum

Question 9

The Schaffer collaterals connect the _______________.

Answer 9

CA3 and CA1 cortices

Question 10

Lesions of the DLPFC produce ________________.

Answer 10

inability to rely on intention (also called “environmental dependency) and the inability to modulate attention (leading to perseveration)

Question 11

Lesions to the _____________ produce the lack of response to the Iowa gambling test.

Answer 11

VMPFC

Question 12

The anterior cingulate cortex is Brodmann area ________.

Answer 12

24

Question 13

The anterior cingulate cortex lights up on PET scans when people have ________________.

Answer 13

attentional conflict

Question 14

The DLPFC controls _________________; the VMPFC controls _______________; and the ACC controls ________________.

Answer 14

representation, selection, and control of goal-directed behaviors; assessment of the positive and negative aspects of behaviors; attentional conflicts

Question 15

Describe the layout of the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, areas CA 1/3, and the dentate gyrus.

Answer 15

As you follow the hippocampus through its terminal swirl, you first approach the entorhinal cortex, then the subiculum, then CA 1, then CA 3, and finally the dentate gyrus.

Question 16

Describe the most common circuit of the hippocampus.

Answer 16

The entorhinal cortex sends axons to the dentate gyrus via the perforant pathway. The dentate gyrus sends axons (called mossy fibers) to CA 3. Axons from CA 3 form auto-associations with other CA 3 neurons and send Schaffer collaterals to CA 1. Axons from CA 1 then connect to the subiculum and back to the entorhinal cortex.