Anterior Horn Cell and Peripheral Nerve Disorders Flashcards
Emotional dysregulation (such as inappropriate laughing or crying) can be a symptom of _______-motor neuron disorders.
upper
What are type I and type II muscle fibers?
Type I: aerobic, mitochondria-rich, slow twitch
Type II: anaerobic, mitochondria-poor, fast twitch
Twitching (fasciculation) is associated with ____________ disorders.
anterior horn (such as ALS)
What motor neurons does ALS affect?
Both upper and lower
Explain the etiology of the term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Lateral sclerosis = the lateral parts of the spinal cord develop sclerosis
Amyotrophic = the muscles fail to grow because of lack of input
What is the mean age-of-onset of ALS?
54 years
What percent of ALS is inherited?
5%
There is only one drug that has been shown to improve the prognosis of those with ALS. What is it?
Riluzole –this just slows the progression
What are some treatments for spasticity?
Phenytoin, benzodiazepams, quinine, dantrolene, and gabapentin –all relaxants or anticonvulsants
Most neuropathies affect the _________ muscles first.
distal
Most myopathies affect the _________ muscles first.
proximal
Defects in the PMP-22 gene can lead to two disorders, depending on the mutation: __________.
deletion leads to hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsy (HNPP) and duplication leads to Charcot-Marie-Tooth
All motor neuron, neuromuscular junction, and muscle diseases have no loss of ___________; if there is loss of that, it suggests a nerve-root disorder or peripheral nerve disease.
sensation
How can you differentiate disuse-related atrophy from neuromuscular atrophy?
Neuromuscular atrophy leads to a greater degree of weakness.
Myopathy leads to loss of a _________, while neuromuscular disorders lead to loss of ___________.
muscle fiber within a motor unit; loss of a whole motor unit
