Ophthalmology III Flashcards
What is the macula?
The area encompassing the fovea and the foveola
What are the three layers of the posterior eye?
Outer: sclera (fibrous covering)
Middle: choroid (vascular layer that provides nutritional and metabolic support)
Inner: retina (light-sensitive)
What is the uvea?
The iris, ciliary body, and choroid
The anterior terminal of the retina is called the ____________.
ors serrata (which surrounds the pars plana)
The inner 2/3 of the retina is supplied by which artery?
Central retinal artery (a branch of the ophthalmic)
Subretinal hemorrhages demonstrate _________________.
darker blood with blood vessels overlying the hemorrhage
Spot hemorrhages of the retina are common in ___________.
diabetes
Preretinal hemorrhages have what shape?
Boat (with no overlying blood vessels)
Vitreous hemorrhages present with _________ of the retina.
obscuring
Cholesterol plaques often present at ____________.
arteriolar bifurcation
Retinal capillary ischemia often presents as ___________.
“wool” spots –patches of white (whereas arterial blockage often produces larger swaths of white)
The most common cause of blindness in working-age adults is ______________.
diabetic retinopathy
The two categories/stages of diabetic retinopathy are ____________.
- non-proliferative (less severe, early symptoms)
- proliferative (more severe)
What are the five types of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
- microaneurysms
- flame hemorrhages
- dot-blot hemorrhages
- lipid exudates
- diabetic macular edema
What are the kinds of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
- neovascularization
- fibrovascular proliferation