Exam 2 SNAPP and Practice Qs Review Flashcards
What is a subgaleal hematoma and in what disorders is it common?
It is a hematoma between the periosteum and the skin of the cranium. It often occurs with vacuum-assisted delivery or epidural hematomas.
High-impact injuries to the head present with what type of skull fracture?
Linear… depressed presents from blunt-object impacts.
Growing fractures are caused from _____________.
arachnoid herniations
The best predictor of prognosis following an epidural (or subdural) hematoma is ___________.
time to surgery
Overactivation of NMDA and AMPA receptors leads to _______-toxicity.
excito
What is worse (in a GCS test), abnormal extension or flexion?
Extension
What feature underlies the phenomenon of second-impact syndrome?
Vasogenic edema from the first impact occurs due to loss of autoregulation. The increases in ICP from the second impact add to this and make it that much worse.
In children, ependymomas most often appear in the ___________, whereas in adults it is most often __________.
4th ventricle; in the spinal cord
“Tightly packed cells that cause obstructive hydrocephalus” are most often ____________.
choroid plexus papilloma
Having what genetic marker is predictive of worse prognosis in medulloblastoma?
Myc amplification
In addition to promoting neovascularization, VEGF also stimulates ____________.
BBB leakiness
True or false: individuals with delirium are usually unaware of the problem.
False. Because delirium symptoms tend to fluctuate, people will frequently be aware that something is wrong.
What is the distinction between mutations in presenilin 1, presenilin 2, APP, and apoE in Alzheimer’s?
ApoE is a susceptibility gene (meaning you’re slightly more likely to get it but not absolute), while the others are considered causative mutations that greatly increase likelihood of developing AD.
Stroke risk increases by ______ percent for every 20 years of life.
10
_________ percent of those with MS present between ages 18 and 45.
75