Forebrain/Diencephalon

Question 1

What is the forebrain?

Answer 1

The telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 2

The thalamus has both _________ and __________ nuclei.

Answer 2

relay; association

Question 3

True or false: all sensory information passes through the thalamus.

Answer 3

False. Olfactory goes straight to piriform gyri of the medial temporal lobe.

Question 4

Where is the VA/VL nucleus?

Answer 4

In the anterior section of the thalamus, just superior to the globus pallidus

Question 5

What thalamic nucleus is superior to the MGN/LGN?

Answer 5

The pulvinar

Question 6

True or false: the MGN and LGN are in the anterior section of the thalamus.

Answer 6

False. They are in the posterior section.

Question 7

The anterior limb of the thalamocortical tract projects to the ______________.

Answer 7

frontal lobe

Question 8

True or false: the retrolenticular thalamocortical tract projects to the occipital lobe.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The ______________ thalamocortical tract projects to the temporal lobe.

Answer 9

sublenticular

Question 10

Severing the arcuate fasciculus does what to a person’s speaking?

Answer 10

They cannot repeat words

Question 11

What Brodmann areas are the primary sensory cortex, primary motor cortex, visual cortex, and primary auditory?

Answer 11

Primary sensory: 1-3
Primary motor: 4
Visual: 17
Primary auditory 41

Question 12

Medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule is the ______________, while medial to the anterior limb of the internal capsule is the ____________.

Answer 12

thalamus; caudate

Question 13

The corticospinal tract passes through the __________ limb of the internal capsule.

Answer 13

posterior

Question 14

One of the key concepts in thalamocortical physiology is that all connections are _______________.

Answer 14

reciprocal; for instance, the LGN sends visual input to the visual cortex (via the thalamus), and the visual cortex sends information back to the LGN

Question 15

Just anterior to the pulvinar nucleus are the ________________.

Answer 15

VPL, VPM, and VL

Question 16

Trace out Papez’s circuit.

Answer 16

Hippocampus -> fornix -> mammillary bodies -> mammillothalamic tract -> anterior nucleus (of the thalamus) -> cingulate gyrus -> hippocampus

Question 17

Medial to the VA/VL is the ______________. To where does it project?

Answer 17

dorsomedial nucleus; prefrontal cortex

Question 18

The red nuclei project to the _______________.

Answer 18

spinal cord

Question 19

In the midbrain, the mammillothalamic tracts are just anterior to ______________.

Answer 19

the cerebral peduncles; the fornix are just anterior to the MTs

Question 20

The descending tracts of the fornix are ___________ to the anterior commissure.

Answer 20

posterior

Question 21

The VA/VL receives input from the ________________.

Answer 21

contralateral cerebellum and ipsilateral globus pallidus

Question 22

What structure is between the subthalamic nuclei and the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 22

The substantia nigra

Question 23

The red nuclei are _______________ to the subthalamic nuclei.

Answer 23

medial

Question 24

Describe the CM’s location in relation to the VPL/VPM.

Answer 24

Medial and slightly inferior