Final Exam Review

Question 1

One in ________ people who try marijuana will develop cannabis use disorder.

Answer 1

nine

Question 2

True or false: chronic stimulant use will lead to the development of tolerance to anorexia.

Answer 2

True!

Question 3

Reckless behavior in children is often a sign of ____________.

Answer 3

ADHD

Question 4

Fluvoxamine is unique in that it does not cause _____________.

Answer 4

sedation

Question 5

Lithium and lithium/divalproex are ____________ drugs.

Answer 5

relapse prevention (the SNAPP quiz said they are not maintenance drugs)

Question 6

Interestingly, some studies have shown that during a panic attack, people typically have less __________________ in the prefrontal cortex.

Answer 6

natural benzodiazepine binding

Question 7

Agoraphobia is a common feature of which anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

Panic disorder (not social anxiety!)

Question 8

The anxiety disorder with the greatest amount of co-morbid psychiatric illness is _______________.

Answer 8

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 9

Which sedatives are used to treat ischemic brain injury and why?

Answer 9

Barbiturates

They decrease calcium uptake, decrease oxygen use, and decrease ICP.

Question 10

Which cortical layer is strictly motor?

Answer 10

V

Question 11

Feedforward processing originates in which cortical layers?

Answer 11

V and VI

Question 12

Compared to someone in a vegetative state, a person in a minimally conscious state might display what?

Answer 12

Purposeful movement

Question 13

At higher doses, ethanol has been shown to inhibit what neurotransmitter system?

Answer 13

NMDA –glutamate

Question 14

Abulia can result from a lesion to what?

Answer 14

The ACC

Question 15

Severe lithium toxicity leads to what symptoms?

Answer 15

Stupor, coma, seizures

Question 16

Nicotine is addictive because it stimulates neurons to release ________________.

Answer 16

opioids and dopamine

Question 17

Why is fructose given to those with alcohol toxicity?

Answer 17

Because it converts NADH to NAD, which speeds the metabolism of alcohol

Question 18

___________________ are sometimes given to those with alcohol toxicity to decrease hyperexcitability.

Answer 18

Benzodiazepines

Question 19

Ondansetron antagonizes which receptor?

Answer 19

5HT3

Question 20

Glycopyrrolates are antimuscarinics that are used to ________________ in surgery.

Answer 20

prevent excess secretions and bradycardia

Question 21

MAC is _______________ between drugs.

Answer 21

linearly additive

Question 22

Induction is the time between start of drug administration and what stage of anesthesia?

Answer 22

III

Question 23

Depth of anesthesia is determined by ________________.

Answer 23

concentration of anesthetic in the brain

Question 24

True or false: thalamic relay neurons carry information two ways –from the thalamus to the cortex and from the cortex to the thalamus.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The amygdala projects to the hypothalamus via the ______________.

Answer 25

stria terminalis

Question 26

What kind of amnesia is present in Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 26

Anterograde and retrograde

Question 27

Someone with a hippocampus lesion is unable to __________________.

Answer 27

"consolidate long-term memories"

Question 28

What three things are true of REM sleep?

Answer 28

- paralysis is induced except for the eyes, diaphragm, and middle ear muscles - it arises from pontine nuclei - a temporary state of poikilothermia (lack of body temperature regulation) exists

Question 29

The locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and cholinergic nuclei of the midbrain are all _________________ while awake.

Answer 29

more active

Question 30

What three things did Dr. Sakai focus on in his panic-disorder questions?

Answer 30

- that those with PD have suicide rates comparable to major depression - that those with PD are hypersensitive to alpha-2 antagonists - are more likely to have histories of childhood trauma

Question 31

Anxiety ________________ the presence of depression.

Answer 31

predicts

Question 32

About 1/3 of those with PD only have panic attacks ___________.

Answer 32

at night

Question 33

Dopamine blocking in the ______________ is responsible for the diabetes, weight gain, and appetite increases seen in those taking antipsychotics.

Answer 33

hypothalamus

Question 34

True or false: those with schizophrenia are usually oriented to A&O x3.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which thalamic nucleus is involved in the limbic system?

Answer 35

The anterior nucleus – this receives the mammillothalamic tract and sends axons to the cingulate gyrus.

Question 36

True or false: the cingulate cortex is continuous with the entorhinal cortex.

Answer 36

True! This is the final bit of the limbic circuit.

Question 37

The diagonal band of Broca connects the ________________.

Answer 37

entorhinal cortex to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus

Question 38

Releasing hormones proceed down the _____________ to reach the anterior pituitary.

Answer 38

median eminence