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MS2 - Nervous System > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

One in ________ people who try marijuana will develop cannabis use disorder.

A

nine

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2
Q

True or false: chronic stimulant use will lead to the development of tolerance to anorexia.

A

True!

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3
Q

Reckless behavior in children is often a sign of ____________.

A

ADHD

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4
Q

Fluvoxamine is unique in that it does not cause _____________.

A

sedation

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5
Q

Lithium and lithium/divalproex are ____________ drugs.

A

relapse prevention (the SNAPP quiz said they are not maintenance drugs)

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6
Q

Interestingly, some studies have shown that during a panic attack, people typically have less __________________ in the prefrontal cortex.

A

natural benzodiazepine binding

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7
Q

Agoraphobia is a common feature of which anxiety disorder?

A

Panic disorder (not social anxiety!)

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8
Q

The anxiety disorder with the greatest amount of co-morbid psychiatric illness is _______________.

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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9
Q

Which sedatives are used to treat ischemic brain injury and why?

A

Barbiturates

They decrease calcium uptake, decrease oxygen use, and decrease ICP.

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10
Q

Which cortical layer is strictly motor?

A

V

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11
Q

Feedforward processing originates in which cortical layers?

A

V and VI

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12
Q

Compared to someone in a vegetative state, a person in a minimally conscious state might display what?

A

Purposeful movement

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13
Q

At higher doses, ethanol has been shown to inhibit what neurotransmitter system?

A

NMDA –glutamate

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14
Q

Abulia can result from a lesion to what?

A

The ACC

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15
Q

Severe lithium toxicity leads to what symptoms?

A

Stupor, coma, seizures

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16
Q

Nicotine is addictive because it stimulates neurons to release ________________.

A

opioids and dopamine

17
Q

Why is fructose given to those with alcohol toxicity?

A

Because it converts NADH to NAD, which speeds the metabolism of alcohol

18
Q

___________________ are sometimes given to those with alcohol toxicity to decrease hyperexcitability.

A

Benzodiazepines

19
Q

Ondansetron antagonizes which receptor?

A

5HT3

20
Q

Glycopyrrolates are antimuscarinics that are used to ________________ in surgery.

A

prevent excess secretions and bradycardia

21
Q

MAC is _______________ between drugs.

A

linearly additive

22
Q

Induction is the time between start of drug administration and what stage of anesthesia?

A

III

23
Q

Depth of anesthesia is determined by ________________.

A

concentration of anesthetic in the brain

24
Q

True or false: thalamic relay neurons carry information two ways –from the thalamus to the cortex and from the cortex to the thalamus.

A

True

25
Q

The amygdala projects to the hypothalamus via the ______________.

A

stria terminalis

26
Q

What kind of amnesia is present in Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

Anterograde and retrograde

27
Q

Someone with a hippocampus lesion is unable to __________________.

A

“consolidate long-term memories”

28
Q

What three things are true of REM sleep?

A
  • paralysis is induced except for the eyes, diaphragm, and middle ear muscles
  • it arises from pontine nuclei
  • a temporary state of poikilothermia (lack of body temperature regulation) exists
29
Q

The locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and cholinergic nuclei of the midbrain are all _________________ while awake.

A

more active

30
Q

What three things did Dr. Sakai focus on in his panic-disorder questions?

A
  • that those with PD have suicide rates comparable to major depression
  • that those with PD are hypersensitive to alpha-2 antagonists
  • are more likely to have histories of childhood trauma
31
Q

Anxiety ________________ the presence of depression.

A

predicts

32
Q

About 1/3 of those with PD only have panic attacks ___________.

A

at night

33
Q

Dopamine blocking in the ______________ is responsible for the diabetes, weight gain, and appetite increases seen in those taking antipsychotics.

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

True or false: those with schizophrenia are usually oriented to A&O x3.

A

True

35
Q

Which thalamic nucleus is involved in the limbic system?

A

The anterior nucleus –this receives the mammillothalamic tract and sends axons to the cingulate gyrus.

36
Q

True or false: the cingulate cortex is continuous with the entorhinal cortex.

A

True! This is the final bit of the limbic circuit.

37
Q

The diagonal band of Broca connects the ________________.

A

entorhinal cortex to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus

38
Q

Releasing hormones proceed down the _____________ to reach the anterior pituitary.

A

median eminence

MS2 - Nervous System (111 decks)

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