Review Presentation for Exam 4 and Block

Question 1

What findings suggest an afferent pupillary defect?

Answer 1

The pupil in question constricts when light is shined in the contralateral eye, but dilates when light is swung from the contralateral eye to that pupil.

Question 2

In conductive hearing loss, the Weber test reveals what?

Answer 2

The sound is louder in the ear with hearing loss.

Question 3

What findings are demonstrated in a CN IV palsy?

Answer 3

The affected eye cannot look downward while medially rotated, and the patient often tilts their head away from the affected eye because the eye is slightly depressed.

Question 4

Explain the pathophysiology of and differences between conus medullaris syndrome and cauda equina syndrome.

Answer 4

Both result from impingement or lack of circulation to the terminal spinal cord, but because the conus medullaris is more superior the symptoms (1) are more often bilateral; (2) more commonly involving bladder and sexual dysfunction; and (3) more frequently have trophic changes.

Both result in a saddle loss of sensation.

Question 5

The action of typical antipsychotics on the ___________ pathway leads to prolactinemia.

Answer 5

tuberoinfundibular

Question 6

What are the four most common sites for spontaneous hypertensive hemorrhages?

Answer 6

This describes lacunar infarctions.

Internal capsule
Lentiform nucleus
Thalamus
Pons
Cerebellum

Question 7

Chronic mild depression with periodic episodes of major depression is called ______________.

Answer 7

double depression

Question 8

Risk of this increases from 10% in the general population to 60% in those with ADHD.

Answer 8

Oppositional defiant disorder