Addiction I & II

Question 1

The lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence is _______________.

Answer 1

12.5%

Question 2

Family tree patterns of substance use show that ________________.

Answer 2

increase in relative risk occurs with closer degrees of relatedness of family member with substance use disorder

Question 3

Twin and adoption studies show that _______________.

Answer 3

50% of the variance of substance use disorders are genetic

Question 4

What has research on changes in reward processing shown?

Answer 4

That the basal level of dopamine decreases with repeated reward stimulation –that is, you need to use just to feel normal.

Question 5

Research has shown that those with SUDs have a decreased ability to adapt to ________________.

Answer 5

reward-punishment reversal experiments

Question 6

What is SBIRT?

Answer 6

Screening
Brief Intervention
Referral to Treatment

Question 7

What single question is the most effective in assessing alcohol use disorders?

Answer 7

“How many times have you had more than four or five drinks in a day?”

Greater than 1 time is considered positive

Question 8

Alcohol is metabolized via a two-step mechanism: __________________.

Answer 8

1) alcohol -> acetaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenase)

2) acetaldehyde -> ??? (by aldehyde dehydrogenase)

Question 9

What are the side effects of disulfiram?

Answer 9

• metallic taste
• headaches
• drowsiness/fatigue
• optic neuritis
• peripheral neuropathy
• hepatitis
• psychotic symptoms

Question 10

Whats are contraindications for antabuse?

Answer 10

• MI
• pregnancy
• cognitive dysfunction

Question 11

There is a long-term injection form of ______________.

Answer 11

naltrexone (Vivitrol)

Question 12

Naltrexone’s _______________ safety is unknown.

Answer 12

lactation

Question 13

Acamprosate enhances _____________ activity.

Answer 13

GABA

Question 14

______________ can lead to severe renal impairment.

Answer 14

Acamprosate

Question 15

True or false: someone who withdraws from opioids has opioid abuse.

Answer 15

False. Some people (such as cancer patients) are physically dependent on opioids but not psychologically dependent.

Question 16

Methadone use has shown what effects?

Answer 16

• reduce use of heroin
• reduced harm
• increased employment
• reduced crime
• increased engagement in treatment
• save lives
• is more cost effective

Question 17

Naltrexone treatment has been shown to be most effective in which populations?

Answer 17

Those with high contingencies: physicians, those on parole.

Question 18

How many milligrams of nicotine are in one cigarette?

Answer 18

1 mg

Question 19

What is the fundamental assumption in motivational interviewing?

Answer 19

That the addicted person has some ambivalence about their addiction – that they want to quit.

Question 20

Four things to keep in mind when doing a motivational interviews are _________________.

Answer 20

1) Express empathy: find something to sympathize with the patient and build on that –some are difficult people who’ve done bad things.
2) Roll with resistance: if they try to argue with you, don’t take the bait.
3) Develop discrepancies: find something that doesn’t make sense and ask them about it.
4) Support self-efficacy: go with things that work with the patient.

Question 21

Describe some of the signs of substance use disorder.

Answer 21

Overall, they’re broken into three main categories: physical dependence, cravings, and diminished capacity to stop. Here are specifics:

• Using more – or for longer periods – than intended.
• Using despite negative social consequences.
• Spending lots of time trying to get substance or recovering from substance effects.
• Using despite negative medical consequences.

Question 22

There are 11 symptoms listed. What amount are needed for mild, moderate, and severe substance use disorders?

Answer 22

Mild: 2-3
Moderate 4-5
Severe: more than 5

Question 23

By young adulthood, which gender is more likely to have SUDs?

Answer 23

Males

Question 24

Both ALTs and ASTs are likely to be elevated in alcohol intoxication, but one is likely to be higher. Which?

Answer 24

AST (Souses = aSt)

Question 25

Hunger is a withdrawal symptom of which illicit drug?

Answer 25

Amphetamines

Question 26

Amphetamines and phencyclidine induce similar effects. Belligerence and psychosis are more typical of ____________, however.

Answer 26

phencyclidine

Question 27

Data shows that substance use disorders are often not _________________ by primary care physicians.

Answer 27

diagnosed or included in the differential

Question 28

More than ________ drinks per week is considered at-risk for women, while more than ____________ drinks per week for men is considered at-risk.

Answer 28

7; 14

Question 29

“Deep bone pain” is a withdrawal symptom of ____________.

Answer 29

opioids

Question 30

_____________ has been shown to double the quitting rates of cigarette smoking.

Answer 30

Bupropion

Question 31

In a motivational interview, what is OARS?

Answer 31

Open-ended questions
Affirmations
Reflections
Summary