Ophthalmology I

Question 1

What is a fundoscopic exam?

Answer 1

Looking into the eye with an ophthalmoscope

Question 2

Which kind of conjunctivitis is more common?

Answer 2

Viral (adenoviruses most common)

Question 3

Viral conjunctivitis commonly occurs after __________.

Answer 3

URIs

Question 4

____________ is used to treat viral conjunctivitis.

Answer 4

Nothing, usually. It is usually self-limited and resolves in a week. Severe cases can be treated with steroids.

Question 5

How are bacterial conjunctivitis cases treated?

Answer 5

With one-week courses of antibiotics – usually one of the following:

• tobramycin
• sulfacetamide
• 3rd/4th generation fluoroquinolone

Question 6

True or false: you should do an extensive workup when someone presents with iritis for the first time.

Answer 6

False. Recommendations state that the second case warrants workup, not the first.

Question 7

Describe Schirmer’s test.

Answer 7

The ophthalmologist places test strips on the lower eyelid and measure the rate of tear production (demonstrated by absorption lines in the test strip).

Question 8

Punctal plugs work by ___________.

Answer 8

blocking the lower ocular outflow tract, causing more tears to accumulate on the surface of the eye

Question 9

Herpetic keratitis is most often HSV-__.

Answer 9

1

Question 10

One of the most frequent causes of vision loss is _____________.

Answer 10

herpetic keratitis

Question 11

Where does light focus in nearsightedness and farsightedness?

Answer 11

Nearsightedness: too anterior
Farsightedness: too posterior

Question 12

What portion of people older than 40 have refractive errors?

Answer 12

1/3

Question 13

What is presbyopia?

Answer 13

Gradual inability to see near objects that happens with age; due to inflexibility of lens; usually appears betwee age 40 and 50

Question 14

How far from the letter chart are you supposed to stand in a Snellen test?

Answer 14

20 feet

Question 15

Bilateral red eyes most often are due to _____________.

Answer 15

dryness or allergic conjunctivitis

Question 16

Pre-aurical lymphadenopathy and watery eye discharge indicates ____________.

Answer 16

viral conjunctivitis

Question 17

The most common organisms that cause bacterial conjunctivitis are ______________.

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 18

How is iritis treated?

Answer 18

Steroids and dilating eyedrops –sometimes glaucoma meds, too

Question 19

The eyes can become slightly cloudy after ___________.

Answer 19

corneal abrasions

Question 20

Minor corneal abrasions can be treated with _____________.

Answer 20

artificial tears (more severe should be given antibiotics)

Question 21

For corneal ulcers, give __________ for small and ____________ for large.

Answer 21

4th generation fluoroquinolone; bacterial culture

Question 22

Herpetic keratitis should be treated with ______________.

Answer 22

topical trifluridine and oral acyclovir

Question 23

Describe the differing appearances of herpetic keratitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus with fluorescein.

Answer 23

HK: dendritic spines
HZO: swollen, circular lesions

Question 24

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus should be treated with ______________.

Answer 24

oral acyclovir or valacyclovir

Question 25

Closed angle glaucoma is ________________.

Answer 25

when the iris closes off the gap between the posterior and anterior portions of the aqueous humor

Question 26

How does open angle glaucoma affect vision?

Answer 26

It leads to a gradual decrease in peripheral vision.

Question 27

A patient who reports that their vision is “like looking through a dirty window” might have __________.

Answer 27

cataracts –due to age-related breakdown of lens proteins