The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant

Question 1

Major causes of mortality in PRETERMS

Answer 1

severe immaturity
respiratory distress syndrome
intraventricular hemorrhage
infection
necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 2

Persistently small fontanels suggest

Answer 2

microcephaly
craniosynostosis
congenital hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Soft areas in the occipital region suggests irregular calcifications and wormian bone formation associated with the ff conditions

Answer 3

osteogenesis imperfecta
cleidocranial dysostosis
cretinism
Down syndrome

Question 4

Leukokoria (white pupillary reflex) in newborn infant suggests

Answer 4

cataracts
tumor
chorioretinitis
retinopathy of prematurity

Question 5

Single umbilical artery in a newborn increases the risk for

Answer 5

occult renal anomaly

Question 6

Conditions associated with OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

Answer 6

Renal agenesis (Potter syndrome)
Prune belly syndrome
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Question 7

Low MSAFP is associated with

Answer 7

trisomy 18 or 21
IUGR
incorrect gestational age estimates

Question 8

Elevated MSAFP is associated with

Answer 8

open NTD
gastroschisis
omphaloceles
congenital nephrosis

Question 9

Drugs that may cause PYLORIC STENOSIS if administered to a premature infant

Answer 9

Prostaglandins

Question 10

INCREASED in LARGE for GESTATIONAL age babies

Answer 10

hypoglycemia
polycythemia
congenital anomalies – heart disease
intellectual and developmental retardation

Question 11

Vomiting in NEONATAL period is usually d.t.

Answer 11

overfeeding
inexperienced feeding technique
normal reflux

Question 12

Risk of development of RDS increases with the ff conditions

Answer 12

maternal diabetes
multiple births
precipitous delivery
cold stress

Question 13

Condition that can mimic RDS both clinically and radiographically

Answer 13

Cyanotic heart disease (total anomalous pulmonary venous return) – TAPVR

Question 14

Methylxanthines for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia have the ff effects

Answer 14

increase respiratory drive
decreased apnea
decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
improve diaphragmatic contractility
diuretic effects

Question 15

Absolute indications for surgery in NEC

Answer 15

evidence of perforation on abdominal xray

positive result of abdominal paracentesis

Question 16

Early ultrasonographic signs of HYDROPS

Answer 16

organomegaly (liver, spleen, heart)
double bowel wall sign
placental thickening

Question 17

Diabetic mothers have high incidence of

Answer 17

polyhydramnios
preeclampsia
pyelonephritis
preterm labor
chronic HPN

Question 18

Intracranial calcifications

Answer 18

CMV
HIV
toxoplasmosis
T. cruzi

Question 19

Limb hypoplasia

Answer 19

Varicella zoster virus

Question 20

Neonatal sepsis case fatality rate is HIGHEST for

Answer 20

Pseudomonas

Question 21

MOST important risk factor for NEC in preterm infants

Answer 21

gestational age and birth weight