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Pedia > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Newborn Care

A

Immediate Drying
Uninterrupted skin to skin contact
Delayed cord clamping after 1-3 mins
Non separation of mother and baby

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2
Q

Heat energy to cooler surrounding air

A

CONVECTION

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3
Q

Heat to colder materials touching the infant

A

CONDUCTION

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4
Q

Transfer of heat to nearby cooler objects

A

RADIATION

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5
Q

Looses from skin and lungs (respiration)

A

EVAPORATION

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6
Q

Low Birth Weight

A

< 2500 g

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7
Q

Very Low Birth Weight

A

< 1500 grams

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8
Q

Extremely Low Birth Weight

A

< 1000 grams

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9
Q

Known as INTRA-UTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR)

BW < 3rd percentile for calculated gestational age

A

Small of Gestational Age (SGA)

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10
Q

Associated with POOR maternal nutrition or with late onset or exacerbation of maternal vascular disease

WEIGHT affected > length

HEAD continues to grow

fetus affected in LATE gestation

Postnatal catch up growth is good

A

ASYMMETRIC IUGR

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11
Q

Associated with GENETIC and METABOLIC conditions

Associated with diseases that seriously affect fetal cell number

weight, height, HC equally affected

fetus affected early in gestation < 18 weeks

A

SYMMETRIC IUGR

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12
Q

Birth weight >90th percentile for gestational age

at risk for HYPOGLYCEMIA and POLYCYTHEMIA

A

Large for Gestational Age

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13
Q

Large for gestational age babies are at increased risk for

A 
hyperbilirubinemia
birth injuries
RDS
congenital cardiac defects
lumbosacral agenesis
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14
Q

APGAR SCORING SYSTEM!!

assesses neonates in need of resuscitation

A 
Activity
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance
Respiration

SEVERELY DEPRESSED - 0-3
MODERATELY DEPRESSED - 4-6
EXCELLENT CONDITION - 7-10

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15
Q

Disorders associated with LARGE ANTERIOR FONTANEL

A 
hypothyroidism
achondroplasia
hydrocephaly
IUGR
prematurity
osteogenesis imperfecta
Congenital rubella syndrome
Trisomies 13, 18 and 21
hypophosphatasia
Kenny syndrome
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16
Q

The target temperature for newborn

A

36.5 -37.5

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17
Q

The reason why room temperature should be set at 25-28 C

A

Convection

18
Q

Hypothermia may cause

A

Acidosis
Hypoglycemia
Hypoxemia

19
Q

At point of contact

Can EXTEND across sutures

Maximal size and firmness at birth

Resolves in 48-72 hr

A

Caput Succedaneum

20
Q

Usually over PARIETAL bones

Does NOT CROSS sutures

Distinct margins;initially firm more fluctuant after 48 hr

may cause JAUNDICE

A

Cephalhematoma

21
Q

Beneath epicranial aponeurosis
May extend to orbits, nape of neck

Firm to fluctuant; ill defined borders
May have crepitus or fluid waves

May be MASSIVE especially if there is an associated coagulopathy

A

SUBGALEAL HEMORRHAGE

22
Q

Estimated birth anthropometrics (Lt, Wt, HC)

A

Lt: 50 cm
Wt; 3.5 kg
HC: 33-35 cm

23
Q

SGA

A

BW <3rd percentile for calculated gestational age

24
Q

LGA

A

BW >90th percentile for calculated gestational age

25
Q

APGAR score that is valid predictor of neonatal mortality

A

5 minute score

26
Q

MCC of congenital hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

27
Q

Physiologic weight loss in during the 1st 10 days for term and 2 weeks for preterm

A

5-10%

28
Q

SINGLE BUBBLE SIGN

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Pyloric stenosis

29
Q

DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN

A

Duodenal atresia
Annular pancreas
Malrotation

30
Q

TRIPLE BUBBLE SIGN

A

Jejunal atresia

31
Q

Apnea is cessation of breathing for

A

> 20 seconds or any duration if accompanied by cyanosis and bradycardia

32
Q

MCC of apnea

A

Idiopathic apnea of prematurity

33
Q

Ground glass appearance

(+) air bronchograms

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

34
Q

Prominent pulmonary vascular markings

Fluid lines in fissure

A

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

35
Q

“Bubbly lungs”

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

36
Q

Coarse streaking granular pattern

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

37
Q

Perihilar streaking

A

Neonatal pneumonia

38
Q

Jaundice visible on 2nd-3rd day, peaks ar 5-6 mg/dL on the 2nd-4th fay and decrease to below 2 mg/dL b/w 5-7 days of life

A

Physiologic jaundice

39
Q

Jaundice that appears on 24-36 hrs of life

Rises faster than 5 mg/dL/24 hrs, persists after 10-14 days

A

Pathologic jaundice

40
Q

MCC of hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

ABO incompatibility

41
Q

Undescended testes should be treated surgically NOT later than

A

9-15 mos

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