Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pedia > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Heard best on the BASE or at the 2nd ICS

Blood flows through a stenotic structure – BLOWING sound

A

Systolic ejection or Blowing murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heard best on the APEX or at the LEFT LOWER STERNAL BORDER

Blood backflows from the one chamber/valve to another because of incompetent structures

A

Systolic regurgitant murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ACYANOTIC HEART DISEASE (left to right shunt

A 
VSD
ASD
PDA
COA
ECD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE (right to left shunt

A 
DECREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
Pulmonary Atresia
Pulmonary Stenosis
TOF
Tricuspid Atresia
Ebstein Anomaly

INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
Truncus Arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICS

widely split S2

enlargement of the R sided chambers of the heart - RA, RV and PA

A

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MC form of ASD

A

Ostium Secundum Defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Systolic regurgitant murmur at LLSB

Loud and single S2

enlargement of the LA, LV and main PA

A

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MC form of VSD

A

Membranous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Surgical intervention in ASD in NOT need if the point of defect is

A

< 3 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood shunts left to right through the ductus arteriosus d.t. higher aortic pressure

enlarged LA, LV, main PA, aorta

continuous “machinery like” murmur at the 2nd left infraclavicular area

A

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect)

Ventricular Septal Defect

A

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aortic Root Dilation

MVP

A

Marfan Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulmonic stenosis

LVH

A

Noonan syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cyanosis manifesting within few hrs at birth or w/n few hrs of life

A

Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cyanosis manifesting after the 1st year of life usually in INFANT or TODDLER

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MC cyanotic heart defect BEYOND infancy

Systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LUSB

Loud and single S2

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

couer en sabot or boot shaped heart

Blalock-Taussig procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4 components of TOF

A

obstruction if RV outflow tract (Pulmonic stenosis)

VSD

overriding aorta

right ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind the hypercyanotic or Tet spells in TOF

A

d.t. decreased pulmonary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Atretic (missing) tricuspid valve
Hypoplastic R ventricle
VSD
ASD
Pulmonary stenosis

Systolic regurgitant murmur at LLSB

A

Tricuspid Atresia

Glenn shunt
Fontan Procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aorta arises from the RV
PA arises posteriorly from the LV

complete separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation – hypoxemic blood circulating throughout the body and hyperoxemic blood circulating in pulmonary circuit

Defects the permit mixing of 2 circulations – ASD, VSD, PDA – needed for survival

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MCC of cyanotic CHD in NEWBORN

single and loud S2

no murmur if with intact ventricular septum

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels

Egg shaped
Egg on string

Rashkind, Senning, Mustard or Jatene Procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PA arises from aorta

Truncus arteriosus fails to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta d.t. failure of aorticopulmonary septum formation

VSD is always present

single S2
systolic ejection
murmur at LSB

minimal cyanosis in neonates

A

Truncus Arteriosus

Rastelli procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

All 4 pulmonary veins drain to RA

RV volume overload

Total mixing of systemic venous and pulmonary venous blood flow within the heart

Systolic murmur at LSB in mild cases

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

Snowman sign or Figure of 8 sign

Van Praagh Procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lesion is in the DESCENDING AORTA, DISTAL to the origin of the LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

pressure build up in the proximal aorta and LV – HPN in the UPPER EXTREMITY

weak, delayed or (-) femoral pulses

BP HIGHER IN THE ARMS

(+) RIB NOTCHING

systolic murmur at 3rd to 4th LICS with radiation to L infrascapular area

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

Primary re-anastomosis or parch aortoplasty

25
Q

Jones Criteria – Rheumatic Fever

A

Required evidence of recent strep infection – ASO, strep antibodies, Strep A culture, anti-DNAse B, anti hyaluronidase

MAJOR CRITERIA

MINOR CRITERIA

26
Q

Major Criteria (Rheumatic Fever)

A 
Joints (migratory polyarthritis) - 70%
Carditis - 50% 
Nodules, Subcutaneous
Erythema marginatum - < 15 %
Sydenham chorea - 15%
27
Q

Minor Criteria (Rheumatic Fever)

A

FRAPE

Fever -- > 38.5 C and > 38 C 
Risk Factor (Previous RH or RHD)
Arthralgia
Prolonged PR interval
Elevated acute phase reactants -- ESR, CRP, leukocytosis
28
Q

Any 1 of the ff can serve as evidence of preceding infection (Jones criteria)

A

Increased or rising ASO titer or other strep antibodies (anti-DNAse B)

(+) Throat culture for GABHS

(+) rapid group A streptococcal carbohydrate antigen test

29
Q

Diagnosis of Initial ARF

A 
2 MAJOR 
OR
1 MAJOR + 2 MINOR
OR
3 MINOR
30
Q

Should be performed in ALL cases of confirmed and suspected ARF

A

Echocardiography with Doppler

31
Q

Antibiotics to eradicate Streptococcus

A 
Penicillin VK (oral) 200-500 mg QID x 10 days
OR
Benzathine PCN (IM) 0.6 -1.2 MU IM
OR
Erythromycin 250 mg TID x 10 days
32
Q

Anti-inflammatory agents - 6-8 weeks

A

ASA - 100 mg/kg/day (arthritis and mild carditis)

Prednisone - 2 mg/kg/day (carditis and cardiomegaly)

33
Q

Primary Prophylaxis

A

Prevents 1st episode of RF

Treat streptococcal throat infection

34
Q

Duration of Prophylaxis

Rheumatic Fever without carditis

A

5 years until 21 years of age whichever is longer

35
Q

Duration of Prophylaxis

Rheumatic Fever with carditis but (-) RHD

A

10 years until 21 years of age whichever is longer

36
Q

Duration of Prophylaxis

Rheumatic Fever with carditis and with residual heart disease (persistent valvular disease)

A

10 years or until 42 years of age whichever is longer

sometimes lifelong prophylaxis

37
Q

Systolic Ejection Murmurs

A

ASD - 2nd LICS with WIDELY SPLIT S2

PS - 2nd LICS w/ radiation to the back

AS - 2 RICS w/ radiation to the back

Coarctation of the Aorta - 3rd - 4th LICS with radiation to the interscapular area

38
Q

Systolic Regurgitant Murmurs

A

VSD - LLSB

Mitral regurgitation - LLSB w/ radiation to the AXILLA

39
Q

Thickening of leaflets and fusion of commissures – calcification and immobility of the valves

FISH MOUTH BUTTONHOLE DEFORMITY

A

Mitral Valve Stenosis

40
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with DOWN SYNDROME

A

Endocardial Cushion Defect

41
Q

Murmur grade associated with THRILL

A

Grade IV

42
Q

Murmur that is ALWAYS pathologic

A

Diastolic Murmur

43
Q

Bedside test to differentiate pulmonary from cardiovascular cause of cyanosis

A

Hyperoxia test

44
Q

Management of Hypoxic Spells in TOF

A 
Knee chest position
Morphine sulfate
NaHCO3 IV
Oxygen
Phenylephrine
Propranolol
Ketamine
45
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with RUBELLA

A

PDA

46
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with MATERNAL DM

A

TGA

47
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with MATERNAL LUPUS

A

Complete Heart Block

48
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with MATERNAL INTAKE OF ASPIRIN

A

PPHN

49
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with MATERNAL INTAKE OF ALCOHOL

A

VSD

PS

50
Q

Heart defect most commonly associated with MATERNAL INTAKE OF LITHIUM

A

Ebstein Anomaly

51
Q

Tachycardia in rheumatic fever is significant when notes during

A

SLEEPING

52
Q

MC manifestation of RF

A

Arthritis

53
Q

Most CONSISTENT feature of ARF

A

Carditis

54
Q

Most likely cause of IE in patients with UNDERLYING HEART DISEASE and AFTER DENTAL PROCEDURE

A

viridans Streptococci

55
Q

Most likely cause of IE in patients after GUT or lower bowel manipulation

A

Group D Streptococcus

56
Q

Most likely cause of IE in patients after open heart procedure

A

Fungal

57
Q

Most likely cause of IE in IV drug abusers

A

Staphylococcus

Pseudomonas

58
Q

Most likely cause of IE in patients with CVP or prosthetic valves

A

Coagulase negative Staph

59
Q

Recommended treatment duration for IE

A

4-6 weeks

Pedia (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions