Neural Tube Defects

Question 1

Failure of the neural tube to close spontaneously b/w 3rd and 4th week of in utero development

Answer 1

NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

Question 2

The MOST SEVERE form of neural tube defect (dysraphism)

Answer 2

MYELOMENINGOCELE

dysfunction of the skeleton, skin, GUT, PNS, CNS

may be located anywhere
*lumbosacral (75%)

Question 3

Manifestations of Myelomeningocele

Answer 3

flaccid paralysis of the LE
(-) DTRs
(-) response to pain and touch
hip subluxation
clubfeet
bowel and bladder incontinence
associated with hydrocephalus (type II Chiari)

Question 4

Elongation of CEREBELLAR tonsils extending vertebral canal

Answer 4

Arnold Chiari Type I

Question 5

Elongation of INFERIOR VERMIS and BRAINSTEM with their displacement in cervical spinal canal with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus

Answer 5

Arnold Chiari Type II

Question 6

Bony defect at occipito-cervical level with herniation of cerebellum into encephalocele

Answer 6

Arnold Chiari Type III

Question 7

Prevention of neural tube defects

Answer 7

0.4 mg of folic acid -OD before conception until 12th week of gestation

4 mg - if with previous child with NTD