Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pedia > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Diarrhea

A

Excessive loss of fluid and electrolyte stool

infants - >10 mL/kg/day
older children >200 g/24 hr

<14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chronic or persistent diarrhea

A

> 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Watery diarrhea vomiting

Day care center
Infants and Toddlers

A

Rotavirus

ETEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Watery diarrhea vomiting

Profuse diarrhea and vomiting

Flecks of mucous on voluminous diarrhea

A

Cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Watery diarrhea vomiting

Profuse diarrhea after eating raw oysters or undercooked shellfish

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Watery diarrhea vomiting

Greasy stool after camping gas

A

Giardiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Watery diarrhea vomiting

after history of travel

A

ETEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Pus and WBC in stool

Trophozoites w/ ingested RBCs

A

Amoebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Pus and WBC in stool

Abdominal cramps, systemic toxicity after antibiotic use

A

Clostridium difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Pus and WBC in stool

Abdominal cramps, tenesmus, abundant pus and WBC in stool

A

Shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Pus and WBC in stool

High fever, headache, drowsiness, confusion, meningismus, seizures, abdominal distention

History of eating eggs, poultry, unpasteurized milk

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Pus and WBC in stool

Diarrhea w/ blood after eating hamburger

A

EHEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abdominal cramps
Diarrhea
Sweating
No fever

Ham, potato salad, cream pastries

A

Staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bloody diarrhea

Pus and WBC in stool

Home canned food
Muscle weakness
Diplopia
Blurring of vision

A

Botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shiga-toxin producing E.coli;

bloody diarrhea

A

EHEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Infantile explosive diarrhea with dehydration; few or no structural changes in the gut mucosa

A

ETEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cause colonic lesions like dysentery

A

EIEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Non-bloody diarrhea with mucus; prolonged

A

EPEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Significant dehydration; prolonged diarrhea

A

EAEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Drugs used in Cholera

A

Tetracycline (not for <9 yrs old)

OR

Doxycycline

Alternatives
TMP-SMX
Erythromycin
Furazolidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Incubation period of enteric fever

A

7-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Signs and symptoms of enteric fever

prolonged fever + weird signs and symptoms (may present w/ UTI, pneumonia, GI symptoms, myocarditis etc)

A

High-grade fever, malaise, myalgia, cough, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, anorexia, diarrhea / constipation

Maculopapular rashes (ROSE SPOTS) in 25% - visible on day 7-10 of illness on the lower chest or abdomen and lasts 2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Complications of enteric fever

A

Intestinal hemorrhage
Perforation

If with perforation – RLQ pain, tenderness, vomiting, features of peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment of enteric fever

UNCOMPLICATED

A

Fully Sensitive - CHLORAMPHENICOL

MDR - AMOXICILLIN, FLUOROQUINOLONE or CEFIXIME, AZITHROMYCIN or CEFTRIAXONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of enteric fever

COMPLICATED

A

Fully Sensitive - FLUOROQUINOLONE

MDR - FLUOROQUINOLONE

QUINOLONE-RESISTANT - CEFTRIAXONE, CEFOTAXIME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

S dysenteriae serotype 1 produce a potent protein which inhibit exotoxin causes HUS

A

SHIGA TOXIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Symptoms of Shigellosis

A 
severe abdominal	pain
high	fever
emesis
anorexia	
generalized toxicity
PAINFUL DEFECATION
urgency
28
Q

Differential diagnosis for Bloody Diarrhea

A

CEECSY

Campylobacter jejuni
EIEC
Entamoeba histolytica
Clostridium difficile
Salmonella
Yersinia enterolitica
29
Q

Empiric Treatment for Shigellosis

A

Cefixime
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin

30
Q

WHO recommendation for all patients w/ BLOODY DIARRHEA irrespective of age

A

Ciprofloxacin 30 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses

31
Q

Improves immune response to Shigella

A

Zinc 20 mg/day for 14 days

32
Q

Abdominal pain
Vomiting
+/- Distention

Bloody currant stool

Sausage shaped RUQ mass
(-) bowel sounds RLQ

COILED SPRING SIGN

A

Intussusception

occurs when a portion of the alimentary tract is telescoped into an adjacent segment

MCC of intestinal obstruction b/w 3 mos-6 y/o

Correlation w/ ADENOVIRUS

33
Q

Ultrasound finding in intussusception

A

Target sign

34
Q

Abdominal pain
Vomiting
+/- Distention

post prandial vomiting, NON BILIOUS
Down syndrome

olive shaped mass
barium studies - SHOULDER SIGN, DOUBLE TRACT SIGN

A

PYLORIC STENOSIS

shoulder sign - elongated pyloric channel, bulge of the pyloric muscle into the antrum

double tract sign - streaks of barium in the narrowed channel

35
Q 
BILIOUS VOMITING 
(-) abdominal distention usually noted on the 1st day
A

DUODENAL ATRESIA

DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN - d.t. distended and gas filled stomach and proximal duodenum

36
Q

MCC of lower intestinal obstruction in neonates

MALES

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

A

HIRSCHPRUNG DISEASE

(-) ganglion cells in the bowel wall beginning in the internal anal sphincter

RECTOSIGMOID - 80%

37
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease

A

RECTAL SUCTION BIOPSY

38
Q

Abdominal pain
Vomiting
+/- Distention

normal history or recurrent obstructive symptoms
painless rectal bleeding
intermittent pain

A

MECKEL DIVERTICULUM

Scintigraphy scan - detect gastric tissue

39
Q

Abdominal pain
Vomiting
+/- Distention

can’t pass NGT
severe pain and emesis

A

VOLVULUS

OMEGA SIGN
COFFEE BEAN SIGN

40
Q

Meckel Diverticulum Rule of 2

A 
2% of the population is	affected
2 yrs old	on presentation	(usually)
2 times more females are	affected
2 inches	long
2 feet from the ileocecal	valve
2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric	and pancreatic)

Does not apply 2 everyone!

41
Q

Prolonged elevation of the serum levels of conjugated bilirubin beyond the 1st 14 days of life

A

NEONATAL CHOLESTASIS

42
Q

Non-cystic Obliterative Cholangiopathy

A

BILIARY ATRESIA

extrahepatic

2 types:
fetal and perinatal

43
Q

Cone shaped fibrotic mass cranial to the bifurcation of the portal vein

May be seen in patients w/ biliary atresia

A

TRIANGULAR CORD SIGN

44
Q

Gold standard for the treatment of biliary atresia

A

Direct Cholangiography

45
Q

Management of Biliary Atresia

A

Nutritional Support

KASAI HEPATOPORTOENTEROSTOMY

  • 60 days - golden period
  • success rate much higher if performed before 8 weeks
46
Q

Definitive management for Biliary Atresia

A

LIVER TRANSPLANT

47
Q

MCC of viral gastroenteritis in infants

48
Q

Intussusception has correlation with viral infection

A

Adenovirus

49
Q

MC intestinal segment affected in Hirschsprung disease

A

Rectosigmoid colon

50
Q

Stool softeners that should be AVOIDED in children with functional constipation

A

Senna or Bisacodyl

51
Q

Foreign body ingestion needed URGENT removal

A

Sharp objects
Button batteries
FBs with respiratory symptoms

52
Q

Required for ALL symptomatic patients who had CAUSTIC ingestion

A

UPPER ENDOSCOPY

53
Q

MC pancreatic disorder in children

A

Acute Pancreatitis

sentinel loop
cutoff sign
blurring of the left psoas margin
peripancreatic extraluminal gas bubbles

54
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Ranson criteria and APACHE score are appropriate prognostic scores for children with acute pancreatitis

55
Q

1st clinical evidence of HBV infection

A

ALT elevation

56
Q

Most valuable single serologic marker for ACUTE HBV infection

A

anti-HBcAg

57
Q

1st serologic marker to appear in HBV infections

Antigen used in Hep B infection

58
Q

Only serologic marker POSITIVE during the WINDOW period of HBV infection

A

IgM anti-HBc

59
Q

Serologic markers positive in patients who are immune d.t. natural HBV infection

A

Anti-Hbc

Anti-Hbs

60
Q

Only serologic marker positive in patients who are immune d.t. Hep B vaccine

61
Q

(+) HBsAg

(+) HbeAg

A

Incubation period

62
Q

(+) HBsAg
(+) IgM
(+) HBeAg

A

Acute Infection

63
Q

(+) IgM anti HBc

A

Window Period

64
Q

(+) anti-HBs

(+) IgG anti HBc

A

Complete Recovery

65
Q

(+) HBsAg
(+) IgG
(-) HBeAg

A

Chronic Carrier

66
Q

(+) HBsAg
(+) IgG
(+ HBeAg

A

Chronic Active

67
Q

(+) anti-HBs

A

Vaccinated

Pedia (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions