Fluid, ECG, ABG and Chest Radiographs

Question 1

MC cause of volume depletion

Answer 1

gastroenteritis

Question 2

MC cause of renal Mg loss

Answer 2

Gitelman and Bartter syndrome

Question 3

MC cause of metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

Diarrhea

Question 4

MC cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 4

Emesis or Diuretic use

Question 5

MCC of right atrial enlargement

Answer 5

lead II - tall, peaked P waves > 3mm

Question 6

MCC of left atrial enlargement

Answer 6

wide and notched P waves w/ duration of >0.10 seconds in children and 0.08 seconds in infants

Question 7

T waves in ECG

Answer 7

hyperkalemia and LVH - peaked T waves

hypokalemia, hypothyroidism and myocarditis - flat or low T waves

Question 8

Basic steps in ABG evaluation

Answer 8

primary acid base disorder
compensation
secondary disorder
anion gap
oxygenation status

Question 9

Normal cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in chest xray

Answer 9

INFANTS - 0.6

CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS - 0.5

Question 10

Signs of pulmonary congestion in chest xray

Answer 10

cephalization of blood vessels
cardiomegaly
alveolar
edema
Kerley B lines

Question 11

Causes of tracheal deviation as seen in chest xray

Answer 11

IF PUSHED CONTRALATERALLY - pleural effusion or pneumothorax

IF PUSHED IPSILATERAL - atelectasis