Approach to Apnea

Question 1

normal respiratory pattern in neonates

brief episodes of respiratory pauses 5-10 secs followed by rapid respirations 50-60 breaths/min lasting for 10-15 sec

Answer 1

periodic apnea

Question 2

absence of brainstem stimulus to breathe

no respiratory effort

Answer 2

central apnea

Question 3

absence of airflow into lungs d.t. an obstruction by mucus or airway collapse

Answer 3

obstructive apnea

Question 4

airway obstruction w/ inspiratory effort precedes or follows central apnea

Answer 4

mixed apnea

Question 5

absence of breathing for > 20 secs or any duration if associated w/ signs of cardiorespiratory compromise (O2 saturation, cyanosis or bradycardia <100 bpm)

Answer 5

severe apnea

Question 6

d.t. physiologic immaturity of respiratory control
2nd to 7th day of life
inversely correlated w/ gestational age and birthweight

Answer 6

apnea of prematurity

Question 7

occurs as a result of O2 deprivation in a fetus/neonate

responds to stimulation and O2 supplementation

Answer 7

primary apnea

Question 8

occurs when O2 deprivation/hypoxia continues
CANNOT be reversed by stimulation
ASSISTED VENTILATION is necessary

Answer 8

secondary apnea