Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Approximately 80% of blood cultures that will be positive are identified at
1st 24 hr from incubation
Persistence of IgM up months
Hepatitis A
West Nile Virus
T lymphocyte independent vaccines
poor immune responses in children < 2 y/o
short term immunity
absence of an enhanced or booster response on repeat exposure to the antigen
Rotavirus vaccine should NOT be initiated in infants OLDER than
15 weeks
The final dose of rotavirus vaccine must be administered no later than
8 mo of age
The MC adverse reaction to IM immunoglobulins
pain at injection site
Hepatitis A prophylaxis
IMIg
Toxoid - modified bacterial toxin that is made non toxic and is able to induce active immune response against toxins
TOXOID VACCINE
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Minimum age for the last dose of Hep B vaccine
24 weeks
Vaccines CONTRAINDICATED in patients with X-LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA
oral polio
smallpox
live attenuated influenza
BCG
Vaccine CONTRAINDICATED in patient with CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE
live attenuated influenza
Oral rehydration is the mainstay of treatment for pediatric traveler diarrhea and the DOC is
Macrolide (Azithromycin)
Ciprofloxacin
Endogenous pyrogens
cytokines
IL 1and IL 6
TNF a
IFN B and Y
Drugs that are known to cause fever
Vancomycin
Allopurinol
Amphotericin B
Palpebral Conjunctivitis
measles coxsackie virus TB infectious mononucleosis lymphogranulomavenereum or cat scratch disease
Bulbar Conjunctivitis
Kawasaki disease
Leptospirosis
Types of Fever
INTERMITTENT FEVER
*exaggerated circadian rhythm that includes a period of normal temp on most days
SEPTIC OR HECTIC FEVER
*extremely wide fluctuations
SUSTAINED FEVER
*persistent and does not vary by > 0.5 C/day
REMITTENT FEVER
*persistent and varies by > 0.5 C/day
RELAPSING FEVER
*febrile periods that separated by intervals of normal temp
Relative Bradycardia
Typhoid Fever
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Drug fever
The MC serious bacterial infection in INFANT aged 1 -3 mo
Pyelonephritis
Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count of less than
1000 cells/mm3
Caused by defects in the chain of integrin which is required for the normal process of neutrophil aggregation and attachment to endothelial surfaces
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY
neutrophilia recurrent bacterial infection (-) pus formation delayed umbilical cord separation survival usually < 10 years slow healing ulcers
Penicillins are DOC for the ff pediatric infections
Group A and B Streptococcus
Treponema pallidum
Listeria monocytogenes
N. meningitidis (meningococcemia)
Metronidazole may increase the levels pf the ff drugs
Warfarin
Phenytoin
Lithium
Toxic Shock Syndrome
fever
hypotension
erythematous rash w/ subsequent desquamation of the hands and feet
multisystem involvement – vomiting, diarrhea, myalgias, nonfocal neurologic abnormalities, conjunctival hyperemia and strawberry tongue
Major Criteria for Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
acute fever > 38.8
hypotension
rash (erythroderma with convalescent desquamation)
Minor Criteria for Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
mucous membrane inflammation vomiting, diarrhea liver abnormalities renal abnormalities muscle abnormalities CNS abnormalities thrombocytopenia
Children at increased risk of PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION
SCD deficiencies in humoral (B cell) and complement mediated immunity HIV infection malignancies - leukemia, lymphoma chronic heart,lung or renal disease CSF leak cochlear implants
Pharyngeal strains associated with glomerulonephritis skin strains
M types 45, 55, 57 and 60
Pharyngeal strains associated with acute rheumatic fever
M types 1,3,5,6,18 and 29
Acute Rheumatic Carditis usually presents as
Cardiac murmurs
Tachycardia
DOC for Sydenham Chorea
Phenobarbital
Haloperidol or Chlorpromazine
To prevent 1st attack of ARF after GAS pharyngitis antibiotic therapy should be instituted before
9th day of illness
The MC clinical manifestation of meningococcal infection
Asymptomatic carriage of the organism in the nasopharynx
The MC complication of acute severe meningococcal septicemia
Focal Skin Infarction – LOWER LIMBS – substantial scarring
All patients who are presumed or proven to have gonorrhea should be evaluated for
concurrent syphilis
hepatitis B
HIV
C. trachomatis infection
The MC etiology of joint and bone infection in young children
Kingella kingae
The most important clinical manifestation of M. catarrhalis infection in CHILDREN
Otitis Media
The MC reason for which children receive antibiotics
Otitis Media
Preferable antibiotics in NEONATE with PERTUSSIS
Azithromycin
Severe complications of pertussis and usual causes of deaths
PULMONARY HPN - request for 2D echo
SECONDARY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
Common Clinical Feature of Typhoid Fever in Children
high grade fever - 95% coated tongue - 76% anorexia - 70% vomiting - 39% hepatomegaly - 37% diarrhea - 36% toxicity - 29% abdominal pain - 21% splenomegaly - 17% constipation - 7% headache - 4% jaundice - 2% obtundation - 2% ileus - 1% intestinal perforation - 0.5 %
Person with which blood group are at INCREASED risk of developing SEVERE CHOLERA
Blood group O
SEIZURE in cholera is d.t.
HYPOGLYCEMIA
The MC late onset complications of Campylobacter jejuni
GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
REACTIVE ARTHRIS
Produces fever, abdominal pain that MIMIC appendicitis and diarrhea
Yersinia enterolitica
Most often associated with MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Patients with conditions leading to IRON OVERLOAD are at HIGHER risk of developing infections with
YERSINIA
Antibiotics that shoul be AVOIDED in patients with BOTULISM
AMINOGLYCOSIDES - may potentiate the blocking action of botulinum toxin at the NMJ
Worsening of ACNE im adolescent female on anti TB drugs is caused by
ISONIAZID
Ideal agent for treating fungal UTI
Fluconazole
Antiviral the BLOCKS M2 PROTEIN CHANNEL
aMantadine
Hallmark of the 2nd stage of SSPE
massive myoclonus
4th stage of SSPE
loss of critical centers – support breathing, HR and BP
The MC finding among infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Nerve Deafness
The MC complication of mumps
Meningitis
HSV infection of fingers or toes
Herpes Whitlow
The MCC of recurrent aseptic meningitis (Mollaret meningitis)
HSV
Infectious Mononucleosis
generalized lymphadenopathy (90%)
splenomegaly (50%)
hepatomegaly (10%)
epitrochlear lymphadenopathy palatal petechiae (junction of the hard and soft palate(
The MC long term sequelae associated with congenital CMV infection
Hearing loss
Typically the first sign of infection in infants with RSV
RHINORRHEA
Free living amebas that cause human amebic meningoencephalitis
Naegleria
Acanthamoeba
Balamuthia
Sappinia
The leading protozoa cause of diarrhea in children worldwide
Cryptosporidium
The MCC of death in KALAAZAR
Secondary bacterial infections
HFMD is one of the more distinctive rash syndromes most frequently caused by
Coxsackievirus A16
Enterovirus 17
