Immunization Flashcards
Types of Antigen for Active Immunization
Live attenuated virus or bacteria (weakened)
Inactivated vaccine (killed microorganisms)
LIVE Vaccines
BCG vaccine Measles vaccine MMR vaccine Varicella vaccine Rotavirus vaccine Influenza attenuated vaccine (intranasal) Typhoid fever (oral) vaccine Oral polio vaccine Japanese Encephalitis
INACTIVATED Vaccines
Hepatitis B vaccine DPT vaccine H. influenzae b vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Hepatitis A vaccine Meningococcal vaccine Influenza trivalent vaccine Human papillomavirus vaccine Typhoid fever vaccine (IM) Rabies vaccine Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Efficacy is assessed by the evidence of protection against the particular disease
Antibody formation – indirect measure
Active Immunization
Live vaccine today + another live vaccine tomorrow
NO
wait for 4 weeks
Live + Live same day
YES
Yellow fever vaccine (live) + Cholera vaccine (inactivated)
NO
separate by at least 3 weeks because of diminished Ab response if given simultaneously
Vaccines given at birth
BCG - at birth or within 1st 2 mos
Hep B (6-10-14 weeks) - within 12 hrs
Vaccines given during 6 weeks (6-10-14 weeks)
Hep B
DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)
Hib
Polio (oral)
Pneumococcal
Rotavirus
Vaccine given during 6 months
Influenza
Vaccines given during 9 months
Measles
Japanese Encephalitis
Vaccine given during 12 months
MMR
Varicella
Hepatitis
Vaccine given during 9 years old
Human Papilloma Virus
PPS Recommended Vaccines
- BCG
- Hep B
- DPT
- HiB
- Polio
- Pneumococcal
- Rotavirus
- Influenza
- Measles
- Japanese Encephalitis
- MMR
- Varicella
- MMRV
- Hepatitis A
- Td/Tdap
- HPV
Vaccines given at minimum age of 12 mos
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Varicella
Hepatitis A
Deworming is recommended for all children
1-12 y/o
Deworming medications
ALBENDAZOLE
12 mos-23 mos – 200 mg single dose every 6 mos
24 mos and up – 400 mg single dose every 6 mo
MEBENDAZOLE
12 mos and above - 500 mg single dose every 6 mo
Contraindications to Deworming
Severe malnutrition High grade fever Profuse diarrhea Abdominal pain Serious illness Hypersensitivity to anti-helminthic drug
4th dose of Hep B Vaccine
If 3rd dose given at age less than 24 weeks (6 months)
Pre-term infants less than 2 kgs, whose 1st dose was given at birth
- Pre-term, HBsAg (-) mother, clinically stable
- 1st dose given at 30 days of life (this can be continued as part of the 3-dose vaccination regimen)
Maternal Hepatitis B infection
HBsAg (+)
*HBV + HBIg (0.5 mL) w/n 12 hrs of life
Unknown status
- HBV within 12 hrs of life
- Determine status
- HBsAg (+) – give HBIg no later than 7 days of life
Pentavalent Vaccine
Hep B
DPT
Hib
Rotavirus
Do NOT start in infants > 15 weeks
NOT given later than 32 weeks d.t. increased risk of intussusception
Earliest age that measles virus can be given
6 mos (during outbreaks)
Earliest age that the 2nd dose of Hep B can be given
4 weeks
PEP for varicella
VZIg within 96 weeks
Vaccine within 3-5 days
PEP for meningococcemia
Rifampicin
Ceftriaxone
Ciprofloxacin (adults)
PEP for diphtheria
Erythromycin
Benzathine Pen G
Contraindications to deworming
Severe malnutrition High grade fever Profuse diarrhea Abdominal pain Serious illnesses Hypersensitivity to anti-helminthic drug
