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Pedia > Newborn Infant > Flashcards

Newborn Infant Flashcards

1
Q

fine, soft immature hair

frequently covers the scalp and brow and may also cover the face of premature infants

A

LANUGO

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2
Q

Cheese like material that covers the normal term infant in varying amounts

A

VERNIX CASEOSA

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3
Q

Purplish reticulated pattern noted on the skin of neonate when exposed to COLD

Mottling of the skin w/ venous prominence

A

CUTIS MARMORATA

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4
Q

Slate-blue, well-demarcated areas of pigmentation seen over the buttocks, back

A

MONGOLIAN SPOTS

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5
Q

Division of the body from the forehead

to the pubis into red and pale halves

A

HARLEQUIN COLOR CHANGE

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6
Q

Benign rash, persists for as long as 1 wk

SMALL WHITE PAPULES on an erythematous base develop 1-3 days after birth in newborns

contains EOSINOPHILS

A

ERYTHEMA TOXICUM

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7
Q

Present at birth as a vesiculopustular eruption around the chin, neck, back, extremities, and palms or soles

contains NEUTROPHILS

A

PUSTULAR MELANOSIS

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8
Q

Temporary accumulations of EPITHELIAL CELLS on the hard palate on either side of the raphe

A

EPSTEIN PEARL

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9
Q

Pearly white papules seen mostly on the CHINS and around the CHEEKS

A

MILIA

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10
Q

Pink macular lesions on the nape, glabella, upper eyelids or nasolabial region

A

NEVUS SIMPLEX (SALMON PATCH)

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11
Q

Thick, white, creamy material in term infants
Covers large areas of the skin in preterm infants
Usually ABSENT in POSTterm infants

A

VERNIX CASEOSA

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12
Q

Caused by scalp pressure from the uterus,
cervix, or pelvis

can EXTEND across suture lines

A

CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM

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13
Q

Presents as a well-circumscribed fluid-filled

mass that DOES NOT cross suture lines

A

CEPHALOHEMATOMA

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14
Q

Beneath epicranial aponeurosis

Not restricted by the boundaries of the
sutures

A

SUBGALEAL HEMORRHAGE

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15
Q

Suggests the absence of

cataracts and intraocular pathology

A

(+) bilateral red reflexes

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16
Q

Suggests cataracts, tumor, chorioretinitis, retinopathy of

prematurity, or a persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

A

leukokoria (white pupillary reflex)

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17
Q

Causes the HEAD to turn TOWARD and the

FACE to turn AWAY from the affected side

A

CONGENITAL TORTICOLLIS

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18
Q 
"port wine stain" 
Congenital vascular malformation
  Dilated capillary-like vessels 
  Capillary hemangioma 
   Face or trunk
   Darker w/ increasing post-natal age

Sturge-Weber syndrome
Area of ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (V1)
Intracranial or spinal vascular malformations, seizures, intracranial calcifications

A

Nevus flammeus

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19
Q 
20% of newborns
Appears after 1-2 wks of life 
Virtually never present at birth 
Lesions are comeones 
Inflammatory pustules & papules may be present 
No treatment necessary
A

NEONATAL ACNE

20
Q

Microcephaly

A

Head circumference below 10th %

CAUSES
Familial
Structural brain malformations 
Chromosomal & malformation syndromes
Congenital infections (CMV, toxo)
Fetal alcohol syndrome
21
Q

PREMATURE fusion of the cranial sutures

Abnormal shape & size of skull

A

CRANISYNOSTOSIS

22
Q

Soft areas of the skull w/ “ping-pong ball” feel

Occur in the PARIETAL bones

A

CRANIOTABES

23
Q

5 newborn anomalies of the mouth

A 
Clefts
Micrognathia
Macroglossia
Neonatal teeth 
Epstein pearls
24
Q

types of clefts can be present in the newborn

A

Clefts of the lip & soft/hard palates
Inspection

Submucous clefts in the soft portion of the palate
Digital palpation

25
Q

SMALL CHIN

PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME
Micrognathia
Cleft palate 
Glossoptosis: downward displacement or retraction of the tongue 
Obstruction of the upper airway
A

MICROGNATHIA

26
Q

MACROGLOSSIA

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Hemi-hypertrophy
Visceromegaly
Macroglossia

Hypothyroidism
Mucopolysaccharidosis

27
Q

neonatal teeth typically seen

A

LOWER incisors

28
Q

5 abnormalities that can be found on neck & clavicle examination

A 
Lateral neck cysts/sinuses
    Branchial cleft cysts
    Cystic hydromas
Midline clefts or masses 
Neonatal torticollis
Edema & webbing of the neck
    Turner syndrome 
Clavicles (rule out fractures)
29
Q

examples of congenital deformities of the chest

A

PECTUS CARINATUM
Prominent & bulging sternum
Benign

PECTUS EXCAVATUM
Depressed sternum
Benign

CHEST ASSYMETRY
Absence of formation of ribs
More serious

POLAND SYNDROME
Agenesis of the pectoralis muscle
More serious

30
Q

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

A 
Tachypnea (RR >60 breaths/min)
Deep respirations 
Cyanosis
Respiratory gruntint 
Intercostal or sternal retractions

Preterm infants: periodic breathing
Short, apneic bursts
<5-10 seconds
No clinical significance

31
Q

Cardiac exam in a newborn

A 
Heart rate 
    Normal: 95-180 beats/min
    Varies during feeding, sleep, crying 
Rhythm
Assessment of murmurs & peripheral pulses 
Diminished femoral pulses 
    Coarctation of the aorta 
Increased femoral pulses 
    Patent ductus arteriosus
32
Q

6 possible anomalies on abdominal examination of the newborn

A 
Diastasis recti
Umbilical hernia
Omphalocele & gastroschisis
Persistent urachus 
Meconium plug, meconium ileus 
Abdominal mass
33
Q

The umbilical cord should be inspected to confirm the presence of _______ & _______ and the absence of the ________.

A

2 arteries and 1 vein

absence of urachus

1 umbilical artery = congenital renal anomalies

34
Q

Separation of the L & R side of the rectus abdominus at the midline of the abdomen

A

DIASTASIS RECTI

35
Q

Incomplete closure of the umbilical ring
Soft swelling beneath skin around umbilicus
Protrudes during crying or straining

A

UMBILICAL HERNIA

36
Q

Complete failure of the urachal duct to close
Fistula between bladder & umbilicus
Urine drains from umbilicus (pressure)

A

PERSISTENT URACHUS

37
Q

Occlusion of the distal ileum
Inspissated (thick/dry) & viscid meconium
Deficiency of pancreatic enzymes
High protein content of intestinal secretions

A

MECONIUM ILEUS

38
Q

Obstruction of the L colon & rectum

Dense dehydrated meconium

A

MECONIUM PLUG

39
Q

Abdominal masses

A 
Hydronephrosis (most common)
Multicystic kidneys
Ovarian cysts 
Liver on L side
    Situs inversus
    Asplenia 
    Polysplenia syndrome
40
Q

2 newborn abnormalities of female genitalia

A

Hypertrophied clitoris

Hydrometrocolpos

41
Q

Virilization from androgen excess
Virilizing adrenal hyperplasia
Premature infants

A

HYPERTROPHIED CLITORIS

42
Q

Imperforate hymen w/ retention of vaginal secretions
Small cyst btwn labia at the time of birth [OR]
Lower midline abdominal mass during childhood

A

HYDROMETROCOLPOS

43
Q

4 newborn abnormalities of male genitalia

A

Hypospadias
Epispadias
Hydrocele
Cryptorchidism

44
Q

Urethral meatus on the VENTRAL surface of the penis in varying locations along the shaft

A

HYPOSPADIA

45
Q

Urethral meatus located on the DORSAL surface of the penis

Often associated w/ BLADDER EXTROPHY y (bladder protrusion from the abdominal wall w/ exposure of its mucosa)

A

EPISPADIA

46
Q

Scrotal swelling caused by fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis adjacent to the testis

A

HYDROCELE

47
Q

How do you evaluate general appearance in a newborn

A

CAREFUL OBSERVATION
Spontaneous activity, passive muscle tone, respirations, abnormal signs (cyanosis, intercostal muscle retractions, meconium staining)

APGAR SCORES
Assessment of intrapartum stress & neurologic depression at birth
1-5 min after birth
Continue every 5 min until final score >7

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