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Dental Biochemistry > Test 2 Questions > Flashcards

Test 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

major circulating fuel in fed state

A

glucose

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2
Q

3 stages of metabolism

A

extracellular digestion, produce acetyl coA, produce energy

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3
Q

gluconeogenesis takes place where

A

liver

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4
Q

gluconeogenesis occurs during the blank state

A

fasted

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5
Q

glucose is converted to glycogen during blank

A

glycogenesis

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6
Q

muscle has blank gluconeogenic activity

A

insignificant

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7
Q

lactate production from pyruvate regenerates blank

A

nad+

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8
Q

glucose and fructose are what in relation to each other

A

isomers

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9
Q

amylopectin has this type of glycosidic bond and is blank

A

alpha 1,6 ; branched

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10
Q

cellulose has this type of glycosidic bond and is blank

A

beta 1,4 ; unbranched

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11
Q

amylopectin and cellulose are both blank polymers

A

glucose

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12
Q

amylopectin and cellulose both have blank glycosidic bonds

A

o linked

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13
Q

open chain form of glucose that forms a six member ring has blank anomeric configurations

A

2

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14
Q

can a six member ring of glucose be a reducing sugar?

A

yes

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15
Q

furanose is a blank membered ring

A

5

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16
Q

all forms of glucose are highly blank

A

soluble

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17
Q

hypoglycemia in the brain during the fasted state is because glucose passes from blood into csf through blank transporters

A

glut 1

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18
Q

secretin is a hormone that stimulates release of blank from pancreas

A

bicarbonate

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19
Q

CCK stimulates blank cells in the pancreas to release blank

A

acinar, pancreatic amylase

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20
Q

sucrase is released by blank cells and digests blank

A

brush border, sucrose

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21
Q

sucrase isomaltase complex of brush border cells cleave these glycosidic bonds

A

g alpha 1,2 f ; g alpha 1,6 g ; g alpha 1,4 g

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22
Q

glucoamylase complex of brush border cells cleave these glycosidic bonds

A

g alpha 1,4 g (from non reducing ends) (is an exoglucosidase but alpha-amylase is an endoglucosidase)

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23
Q

trehalase complex of brush border cells cleave these glycosidic bonds

A

g alpha 1,1 g

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24
Q

sglt 1 sodium glucose symport occurs in the blank tubules and blank

A

renal, intestinal mucosa

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25
Q

sglt 1 transports na+ blank its concentration gradient

A

down

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26
Q

blank can also be transported in sglt 1 transporters

A

galactose

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27
Q

sglt 1 uses atp but does not have a blank

A

ATPase (sodium potassium pump)

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28
Q

more saturated a fatty acid is… the blank the melting point

A

higher

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29
Q

natural fatty acids usually have blank double bonds

A

cis

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30
Q

numbering of fatty acids starts from the blank carbon

A

carboxyl

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31
Q

bile salts can be conjugated to either blank or blank

A

glycine, taurine

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32
Q

bile salts are synthesized by blank in the bile

A

cholesterol

33
Q

95 percent of bile salts are blank

A

reabsorbed

34
Q

vitamins, and long fatty acids require bile salts but this range of fatty acids does not require them for intestinal absorption

A

C2-C12

35
Q

limit dextrins have this glycosidic bond

A

alpha 1,6

36
Q

maltose have this glycosidic bond

A

alpha 1,4

37
Q

galactose have this glycosidic bond

A

beta 1,4

38
Q

what causes an increased density

A

protein

39
Q

delta G of glucokinase

A

-4

40
Q

committed and highly regulated step of glycolysis

A

3 (PFK-1)

41
Q

muscle and brain predominantly use hexokinase or glucokinase

A

hexokinase

42
Q

pfk-1 is activated by this metabolite

A

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate

43
Q

enzyme converting 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

A

enolase

44
Q

enolase is inhibited by blank

A

sodium fluoride in toothpaste

45
Q

alcoholic fermentation in yeasts involves the decarboxylation of blank

A

pyruvate

46
Q

which of these does catabolism of ethanol in the liver not make?
nadh, pyruvate, acetaldehyde, acetate

A

pyruvate

47
Q

reactions catalyzed by blank take place in mitochondria, require thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor, produce nadh, and are regulated by atp

A

pdc

48
Q

rate limiting step in glucose oxidation

A

pdc

49
Q

pdc e1 requires this cofactor

A

TPP

50
Q

pdc e1 is reversible or irreversible

A

irreversible

51
Q

pdc e1 that is phosphorylated is functionally blank

A

inactive

52
Q

substrate of pdc e1

A

pyruvate

53
Q

enzymes of tca cycle that are dissolved in mitochondrial matrix

A

malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, succinyl coA synthetase, citrate synthase

54
Q

glycerol phosphate electron shuttle is used for reoxidation of nadh produced from this enzyme

A

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

55
Q

a high level of nadh will blank flux through glycolysis

A

decrease

56
Q

TCA requires this coenzyme

A

coA

57
Q

TCA has a net blank of oxaloacetate

A

no change

58
Q

TCA has a production of high energy phosphates via blank

A

substrate level phosphorylation

59
Q

TCA substrates have blank roles in metabolism

A

amphibolic

60
Q

TCA produces fadh2 true or false

A

true

61
Q

this is involved in ketone bodies and can pass the blood brain barrier

A

beta hydroxybutyrate

62
Q

true or false beta hydroxybutyrate is synthesized in the cytosol

A

false

63
Q

deficiency of vitamin B12 would cause presence of blank in the urine

A

methylmalonate

64
Q

carnitine in beta oxidation is related to the translocation of blank into the blank

A

fatty acids, mitochondria

65
Q

acyl coA dehydrogenase uses blank as the electron acceptor in the ETC

A

FAD

66
Q

complex of ETC accepts electrons from blank

A

nadh

67
Q

cytochrome c is a blank electron carrier

A

mobile

68
Q

cytochrome c has a blank prostethic group

A

heme

69
Q

cytochrome c has a more blank reduction potential than oxygen

A

negative (.32 vs .8)

70
Q

cytochrome c has a blank affinity for electrons than complex 1

A

higher

71
Q

dnp reduces the activity of blank

A

complex 5

72
Q

fungus metabolite antimycin A blocks blank

A

electron flow

73
Q

muscle glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown and is activated by blank during sprinting

A

AMP

74
Q

glucose 6 phosphate allosterically activates which enzyme

A

glycogen synthase

75
Q

inappropriate release of calcium from sr of muscle causes increased blank breakdown, activation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase, and activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A

glycogen

76
Q

adenylate cyclase is an enzyme involved in blank

A

glucose homeostasis

77
Q

adenylate cyclase plays a role in muscle blank breadown

A

glycogen

78
Q

adenylate cyclase produces blank from ATP

A

cAMP

Dental Biochemistry (43 decks)

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