Lec 11 Carb Digestion Flashcards
difference between aldose and ketose lies in the positions of the blank group
carbonyl
if carbonyl group is at edge or terminus of molecule it is a blank if it is in the middle of the molecule its a blank
aldose, ketose
D and L carbohydrates are called blank
enantiomers
when aldehyde group of d glucose undergoes aldose reductase it turns into blank
sorbitol
whats good about sorbitol
“sugar free” doesnt raise blood sugar, doesnt cause cavities
linear form of d glucose is blank
unstable
stable form of d glucose
ring
ring structure of glucose is called blank
alpha/beta d glucopyranose
alpha and beta isomers of glucopyranose are blank
anomers
beta d glucopyranose has C1 being blank
chiral (anomeric) (reducing)
fructofuranose has blank being the chiral/anomeric/reducing carbon
c2
lubricant of synovial fluid in joints
hyaluronan
hyaluronan is a blank derivative
glucose
lactose is a blank sugar because the blank end is free
reducing, reducing hydroxyl
sucrose is a blank sugar because the blank is not free
non reducing, reducing hydroxyl
starch digestion is accomplished by blank
salivary/pancreatic alpha amylase (endoglucosidase)
starch is broken down to these four things from saliva
maltose, lactose, sucrose, isomaltose
sucrase isomaltase complex breaks down these three glycosidic bonds
g alpha 1,2 f ; g alpha 1,6 g ; g alpha 1,4 g
glucoamylase complex breaks down these glycosidic bonds
g alpha 1,4 g (from non reducing ends)
adding trehalose to benedicts test produces this color
none
trehalase complex breaks down these bonds
g alpha 1,1 glucose
lactase complex breaks down these bonds and is rate limiting in lactose digesting
galactose beta 1,4 g
gas that is tested for in breath that can indicate a food intolerance or IBS
H2
raffinose is in blank
beans
raffinose has blank bond which we have no enzyme to break down unless we take beano
galactose alpha 1,6 g
sodium glucose cotransporter that is active
sglt-1
facilitated glucose transporter that is passive
glut2, glut5
sodium potassium atpase that is an active transporter
sodium potassium pump
linear chain starch, poor solubility, slowly digested
amylose
branch chain starch, good solubility, fast glucose release
amylopectin
amylopectin excess can cause blank which leads to type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance
oats are mostly made of blank
amylose
amylopectin is a starch more in
corn starch, potatos
amylopectin and amylose are what we look at in the blank index
glycemic
high glycemic index means highly blank
branched
worst sugar for cavities
sucrose
isomaltose
g alpha 1,6 g
maltose
g alpha 1,4 g
lactose
galactose beta 1,4 g
sucrose
g alpha 1,2 f