21 - Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

enzymes involved in oxidative decarboxylation

Answer 1

isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 2

starving for one day recruits blank

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

stress response of starvation after 1 day recruits these hormones

Answer 3

epinephrine, cortisol

Question 4

beta blocker inhibitts these and can lead to hypoglycemia

Answer 4

glucagon and epinephrine

Question 5

alcohol consumption inhibits blank and can lead to hypoglycemia

Answer 5

gluconeogenesis

Question 6

major glucose precursor in gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

lactate

Question 7

lactate becomes pyruvate via blank enzyme

Answer 7

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 8

two cycles of gluconeogenesis

Answer 8

cahill cycel (glucose alanine), cori cycle (glucose lactate)

Question 9

pyruvate becomes oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase as long as there is blank present from fatty acids

Answer 9

acetyl coA

Question 10

carboxylation and decarboxylation require blank

Answer 10

energy

Question 11

glucose 6 phosphatase and pepck are not in the blank

Answer 11

muscle

Question 12

if there is an overexpression of pepck and it is in the muscle, then blank fibers take over in massive amounts and blank greatly increases

Answer 12

type 1, endurance

Question 13

glyuconeogenesis is blank in reverse

Answer 13

glycolysis

Question 14

anaplersosis is blank

Answer 14

filling up

Question 15

acetyl coA is blank anaplerotic in mammals because theree is no blank

Answer 15

not, net gain

Question 16

dextrin is involved in bacterial blank

Answer 16

adhesion

Question 17

bacteria have isocitrate lyase and malate synthase produce a net gain of malate so it is blank

Answer 17

anaplerotic

Question 18

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate inhibits blank

Answer 18

fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Question 19

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate regulation of pfk 1 reaction

Answer 19

feed forward

Question 20

inborn error of gluconeogenesis leads to blank

Answer 20

hypoglycemia

Question 21

substrate cycling is involved in non shivering blank

Answer 21

thermogenesis

Question 22

deregulated substrate cycling increase results in excessive blank

Answer 22

heat production

Question 23

glucose undergoes blank to become co2

Answer 23

oxidative decarboxylation