Important importants for Test 2

Question 1

glycosidic bond in raffinose

Answer 1

galactose alpha 1,6 glucose

Question 2

raffinose requires blank for digestion

Answer 2

galactosidase

Question 3

functions of HDL

Answer 3

donate apoC2 and apoE, extract cholesterol, converte cholesterol to cholesterol ester

Question 4

inadequate tissue oxygenation, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, severe hemorrhage, and inborn errors in metabolism can cause blank

Answer 4

lactic acidosis

Question 5

galactose 1 phosphate uridylyl transferase facilitates blank metabolism by converting blank to blank utilizing blank as a cosubstrate

Answer 5

galactose metabolism, galactose 1P, glucose 1P, UDP

Question 6

which cofactor is required for pyruvate decarboxylase

Answer 6

thiamine pyrophosphate

Question 7

cofactor required for alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 7

nadh

Question 8

E1 is rate limiting, blank, and involves the blank of pyruvate in pdc mediated pyruvate metabolism

Answer 8

irreversible, decarboxylation

Question 9

E2 is when TPP is oxidized to produce blank

Answer 9

acetyl CoA

Question 10

E3 has FADH2 oxidized by NAD+ to form blank

Answer 10

nadh

Question 11

role of glycerol 3P dehydrogenase in electron shuttling is to take electrons from blank and reduce blank to glycerol 3P

Answer 11

nadh, DHAP

Question 12

glycerol 3P is reoxidezed back to blank by flavoprotein dehydrogenase

Answer 12

FADH2

Question 13

electron shuttle wastes energy because it converts blank to blank

Answer 13

NADH (3 atp), FADH2 (2 atp)

Question 14

enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation

Answer 14

fatty acyl coA synthetase, pyrophosphatase

Question 15

symptoms of mcad deficiency

Answer 15

hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, etc

Question 16

cause of methylmalonic acidosis

Answer 16

lack of vitamin b12 which causes yield of succinyl coA to decrease

Question 17

defective alpha oxidation leads to blank

Answer 17

refsum’s disease (neurological)

Question 18

role of peroxisomal fatty acid beta oxidation

Answer 18

convert very long/long chain FA to 8 carbon chain

Question 19

defective peroxisomal oxidation leads to blank

Answer 19

zellweger syndrome (neurological)

Question 20

in ketone body activation for oxidation, acetoacetate is activated in the blank by blank

Answer 20

mitochondria, 3 ketoacyl coA transferase

Question 21

ketoacidosis can be caused by these

Answer 21

low insulin, alcoholism, low carb diet

Question 22

driving forces of glycogenolysis

Answer 22

high intracellular ratio of phosphate to glucose 1P

Question 23

glycogenesis driving forces

Answer 23

utp hydrolysis

Question 24

glycogenolysis is activated by blank

Answer 24

glucagon/epinephrine

Question 25

glycogenesis is activated by blank

Answer 25

insulin

Question 26

glycogenolysis requires these enzymes

Answer 26

debrancher (4,4 transferase) , glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6 phosphatase, glut 2

Question 27

glycogenesis uses these enzymes

Answer 27

udp glucose pyrophosphorylase, brancher enzyme (4,6 transferase), glycogen synthase

Question 28

glycogenolysis product

Answer 28

many glucose 1 phosphates

Question 29

pka inhibits glycolysis because pka phosphorylates blank which makes it less active

Answer 29

pfk 2

Question 30

pfk 2 makes blank less active which leads to less blank

Answer 30

pfk 1, glycolysis

Question 31

what enzymes are affected in an error of gluconeogenesis

Answer 31

pyruvate carboxylase, PEPCK, fructose 1,6 diphosphatase, glucose 6 phosphatase

Question 32

acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC) is inhibited by blank and blank

Answer 32

pka, ampk

Question 33

ACC is allosterically controlled by blank and blank

Answer 33

citrate (more active), malonyl CoA (less active(

Question 34

ACC is activated by blank

Answer 34

insulin

Question 35

ACC is inactivated by blank

Answer 35

glucagon/epinephrine