Lec 6 - Enzymes / Inhibitors

Question 1

each enzyme has a blank range of substrates and produces a blank product

Answer 1

limited, specific

Question 2

enzymes generally work by breaking blank

Answer 2

covalent bonds

Question 3

intermediates of chemical reactions are blank

Answer 3

very unstable

Question 4

unstable state is aka

Answer 4

reactive/transition state

Question 5

enzyme blank transition state

Answer 5

stabilizes

Question 6

enzyme lowers blank

Answer 6

energy barrier (activation energy)

Question 7

enzyme has no effect on blank energy change of the reaction

Answer 7

overall

Question 8

enzymes increase blank of the reaction but the equilibrium constant is blank

Answer 8

rate, unchanged

Question 9

large amount of blank in in active site will not allow a reaction to occur

Answer 9

water

Question 10

a good drug looks like the blank so enzymes can react with it

Answer 10

transition state

Question 11

enzyme needs to be blank if it is to envelope the substrate during formation of the complex

Answer 11

flexible

Question 12

by enveloping the substrate, the enzyme can control the blank in which reaction occurs

Answer 12

environment

Question 13

enzymes can have blank substrates

Answer 13

more than one

Question 14

trypsin is an enzyme that cleaves after

Answer 14

Lys, Arg

Question 15

chymotrypsin cleaves after

Answer 15

Phe, Tyr, Trp

Question 16

many enzymes require blank for complete enzymatic activity

Answer 16

cofactors

Question 17

cofactors are blank enzymes

Answer 17

not

Question 18

cofactors are generally heat blank

Answer 18

stable

Question 19

three classes of cofactors

Answer 19

essential ion, metabolic, vitamin derived

Question 20

more than one quarter of enzymes require blank

Answer 20

metallic cation (essential ion)

Question 21

enzymes can have blank cofactors

Answer 21

multiple

Question 22

cofactors fall into one or two classes

Answer 22

prosthetic groups, coenzymes

Question 23

prosthetic groups remain bound to enzyme throughout blank

Answer 23

catalysis

Question 24

prosthetic groups require this at the end

Answer 24

regeneration

Question 25

changes lactate to pyruvate

Answer 25

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 26

apoenzyme is blank

Answer 26

inactive

Question 27

holoenzyme is blank

Answer 27

more active

Question 28

this converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate

Answer 28

pyruvate carboxylase

Question 29

pyruvate carboxylase is a blank due to a blank bond

Answer 29

prosthetic, covalent

Question 30

pyruvate carboxylase regenerates by the transfer of blank

Answer 30

CO2

Question 31

biotin is a blank

Answer 31

prosthetic group

Question 32

atp in the pyruvate carboxylase is a blank

Answer 32

coenzyem

Question 33

a catalyst speeds up the blank of an equilibrium

Answer 33

attainment

Question 34

a catalyst may be changed during a part of the reaction but must be blank throughout the overall process otherwise it must be blank

Answer 34

unchanged, regenerated

Question 35

distinct enzymes that catalyze the same biochemical reaction

Answer 35

isozymes

Question 36

hemoglobin is a blank because it exists in two forms in adult RBCs, different fetal forms, and as myoglobin in muscle

Answer 36

isozyme

Question 37

isozyme patterns help determine the origin of blank

Answer 37

tissue

Question 38

enzymes usually work at blank and blank pH

Answer 38

body temp, neutral