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Dental Biochemistry > Important Deck Test 2 > Flashcards

Important Deck Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

major storage fuel

A

triglyceride

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2
Q

major circulating fuel

A

glucose

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3
Q

second major circulating fuel

A

triglyceride from lipoproteins

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4
Q

glycogen is stored where

A

liver, muscle

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5
Q

three major circulating fuels

A

glucose, triglycerides, fatty acids

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6
Q

three major storage fuels

A

triglycerides, proteins, glycogen

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7
Q

bonds in starch

A

alpha 1,4 ; alpha 1,6

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8
Q

amylose bonds

A

alpha 1,4 (linear)

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9
Q

amylopectin bonds

A

alpha 1,4 & 1,6 (branched)

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10
Q

triglyceride is made up of

A

glycerol, three fatty acids

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11
Q

gatty acid is conjugated to glycerol backbone via blank

A

ester bonds

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12
Q

which organ has highest ketogenic activity

A

liver

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13
Q

liver does not have this enzyme so it cannot use ketone bodies that i makes

A

3 ketoacyl coA transferase

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14
Q

second highest ketogenic organ

A

kidney

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15
Q

two fuels used by brain

A

ketones, glucose

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16
Q

organ with highest lipogenic activity

A

liver

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17
Q

organ with second highest lipogenic activity

A

adipose tissue

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18
Q

stage 1 metabolism takes macromolecules and turns them into monomers like blank from blank

A

aa, proteins

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19
Q

stage 1 metabolism

A

extracellular digestion polymers to monomers

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20
Q

stage 2 metabolism

A

acetyl coA production

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21
Q

stage 3 metabolism

A

produce atp

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22
Q

metabolic reactions can be regulated diferentially via

A 
Substrate concentration
Cofactor concentration
Enzyme concentration
Enzyme modifications
Isozymes
Compartmentalization
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23
Q

aldose has more blank than ketose because it has one more stereocenter

A

stereoisomers

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24
Q

two carbons of glucose that join to form anomers

A

c1 aldehyde, c5 hydroxyl

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25
Q

anomeric carbon of glucose

A

carbon 1

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26
Q

anomeric carbon of fructose

A

carbon 2

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27
Q

free anomeric carbon means it is a blank sugar

A

reducing

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28
Q

beta is more blank than alpha anomer

A

stable

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29
Q

lactose glycosidic bond

A

gal beta 1,4 g

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30
Q

sucrose glycosidic bond

A

g alpha 1,2 f

31
Q

trehalose glycosidic bond

A

g alpha 1,1 g

32
Q

raffinose glycosidic bond

A

gal alpha 1,6 g

33
Q

raffinose requires blank for digestion

A

galactosidase

34
Q

sucrose and trehalose are blank sugars

A

non reducing

35
Q

pancreatic alpha amylase only cleaves these bonds in starch

A

g alpha 1,4 g

36
Q

enzyme that digests dextrins

A

isomaltase (debrancher)

37
Q

3 catalytic activities of sucrase isomaltase complex

A

maltose, sucrose, isomaltose

38
Q

four glycosidases of brush border

A

glucoamylase, lactase, isomaltase, trehalase

39
Q

secretin promotes release of blank

A

bicarbonate

40
Q

cck promotes release of blank for carb digestion and blank for lipid digestion

A

pancreatic alpha amylase, bile salts

41
Q

alpha amylase and glucoamylase both degrade starch by cleaving blank bonds

A

alpha 1,4 g

42
Q

glucoamylase is a blank and cleaves from the blank end to liberate glucose while alpha amylase is a blank that cleaves blank

A

exoglucosidase, non reducing, endoglucosidase, internally

43
Q

intestinal glucose/galactose absorption transporter

44
Q

fructose absoprtion in intestine transporter

45
Q

glut 5 has passive absorption so it has a blank glycemic index than sglt 1

46
Q

factors that influence glycemic index

A

structure, enzyme, absorption mode

47
Q

carbon of cholesterol ring that is ivolved in formation of an ester

48
Q

enzymes involved in the formation of cholesterol esters

A

acat (intracellular), lcat (extracellular)

49
Q

which cholesterol derivative is the precursor of vitamin d3

A

7 dehydrocholesterol

50
Q

which organs generate vitamin d3 from 7 dehydrocholesterol

A

skin makes cholecalciferol, then liver and kidney make it active d3

51
Q

which reaction is the rate limiting step in production of bile salts from cholesterol

A

7 alpha hydroxylase enzyme that converts cholesterol to 7a hydroxycholesterol, first step

52
Q

two aa conjugated to bile salts

A

taurine, glycine

53
Q

two amphibolic bile salt detergents related to taurine and glycine

A

chenocholic acid, cholic acid

54
Q

pancreatic lipase works where

A

digestive tract

55
Q

LPL works where

A

blood stream

56
Q

lipoprotein lipase forms these

A

glycerol, fatty acids

57
Q

pancreatic lipase forms these

A

2 monoglycerides, 2 fatty acids

58
Q

fatty acids can be converted back to triglycerides via blank

A

fatty acyl transferase

59
Q

pancreatic lipase requires blank

60
Q

LPL requires blank for activation

61
Q

LPL substrate is triglycerides from blank

A

chylomicrons

62
Q

pancreatic lipase substrate

A

dietary triglycerides

63
Q

nascent chylomicrons are blank

A

lipoproteins

64
Q

nascent chylomicrons become mature when they accept these from HDL

A

apoC2/apoE

65
Q

chylomicron remnants are created when blank digest them and remove their triglycerides

66
Q

ApoC2 and ApoE are critical for digestion of blank

A

chylomicrons

67
Q

largest lipoprotein

A

chylomicron (low density)

68
Q

which lipoprotein has highest triglycerides

A

chylomicron

69
Q

which liprotein has most proteins

A

HDL (high density)

70
Q

HDL or LDL has more cholesterol?

71
Q

functions of HDL

A

donate apoc2/apoe, extract cholesterol, converts cholesterol to cholesterol ester

72
Q

cause of hypercholesterolemia

A

LDL receptor probs, LPL probs

73
Q

steatorrhea is due to incomplete blank digestion

Dental Biochemistry (43 decks)

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