Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Question 5

Diethylstilbestrol

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialize right ventricle)

Question 8

Phenytoin

Answer 8

fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation

Question 9

Tetracyclines

Answer 9

discolored teeth

Question 10

Thalidomide

Answer 10

limb defects (flipper limbs)

Question 11

Valproate

Answer 11

inhibition of maternal folate absorption –> neural tube defects

Question 12

Warfarin

Answer 12

bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation; fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 14

Cocaine

Answer 14

abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 15

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 15

preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Question 16

Iodide (lack or excess)

Answer 16

congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 17

Maternal diabetes

Answer 17

caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Question 18

Vitamin A (excess)

Answer 18

extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 19

X-rays

Answer 19

microcephaly, mental retardation