Ovarian germ cell tumors

Question 1

Dysgerminoma

Answer 1

Malignant, equivalent to male seminoma but rarer (1% of germ cell tumors in females vs 30% in males). Sheets of uniform cells. Associated with Turner syndrome

Tumor markers: hCG, LDH

Question 2

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 2

Rare but malignant: can develop during or after pregnancy in mother or baby. Malignancy of trophoblastic tissue; chorionic villi are not present. Increased frequency of theca-lutein cysts. Along with moles, comprise spectrum of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. early hematogenous spread to lungs

Question 3

Yolk Sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

Answer 3

Aggressive malignancy in ovaries (testes in boys) and sacrococcygeal area of young children. Yellow, friable, solid masses. 50% have Schiller-Duval bodies (resemble glomeruli)

Question 4

Teratoma

Answer 4

90% of ovarian germ cell tumors. Contain cells from 2 or 3 germ layers. 
Mature teratoma (dermoid cyst) most common ovarian germ cell tumor; mostly benign
Immature teratoma--aggressively malignant
Struma ovarii--contains functional thyroid tissue. Can present as hyperthyroidism