Bugs with exotoxins Flashcards
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Diphtheria toxin
Inactivate EF2
Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Exotoxin A
Inactivate EF2
Host cell death
Shigella
Shiga toxin
Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenosine from rRNA
GI mucosal damage: dysentry; ST also enhances cytokine release, causing HUS
EHEC
Shiga-like toxin
Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenosine from rRNA
Cytokine release, causing HUS
does not invade host cells
ETEC (labile)
Heat-labile toxin
Overactivates cAMP leading to increased Cl secretion in gut and H2O efflux
watery diarrhea
ETEC (stable)
Heat-stable toxin
Overactivate cGMP, decreases resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut
watery diarrhea
Bacillus anthracis
Edema factor
Mimics cAMP
Edematous borders of black eschar
Vibrio cholerae
Cholera toxin
Overactivates cAMP by permanently activating Gs, increases Cl section in gut and H2O efflux
lots of rice-water diarrhea
Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis toxin
Overactivates cAMP by disabling Gi, imparing phagocytosis
Whooping cough
Clostidium tetani
Tetanospasmin
Cleave SNARE
Muscle rigidity and lock jaw (prevents release of GABA and glycine)
Clostridium botulinum
Botulinum toxin
Cleave SNARE
Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby, prevents ACh release
Clostridium perfringens
Alpha toxin
Phospholipase that degrades tissue and cell membranes
Degradation of phospholipase C –> gas gangrene and hemolysis
Strep pyogenes
Streptolysin O
Degrades cell membrane
Lyses RBCs
S aureus
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
superantigen
fever, rash, shock (toxic shock syndrome)
Strep pyogenes (TSS)
Exotoxin A
superantigen
fever, rash, shock (toxic shock syndrome)
