Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 > Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangitis [Wegener’s]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Boot shaped heart on x-ray

A

Tetrology of Fallot, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bronchogentic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl’s eye appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

orphan Annie’s eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl’s eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hair on end (crew-cut appearance on x-ray)

A

Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

44
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embyro)

45
Q

Heart nodules (granulmatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

48
Q

High levels of D-dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

49
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TBL mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculities)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

52
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

53
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

54
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

55
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

56
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

57
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

58
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance or mesothelioma)

59
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

61
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

62
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

63
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

64
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

65
Q

Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

66
Q

Mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

Fibrocystic changes of the breast

67
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
  • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
  • Waldenstrom’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • Primary amyloidosis
68
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

69
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String sign (Crohn’s disease)

70
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (wegener’s: c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

71
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

72
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

73
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

74
Q

Nutmeg appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

75
Q

Onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

76
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus

77
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

78
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

79
Q

Polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

80
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s disease) and Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease)

81
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

82
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

84
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

85
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

86
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

87
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

88
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDs

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

89
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; black sky made up of malignant cells)

90
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

91
Q

Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

92
Q

Spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

93
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

94
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

95
Q

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

96
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

97
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (H. influenzae)

98
Q

Thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

100
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacoules

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

101
Q

Waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic ESRD

102
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

104
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephrophathy

105
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Step 1 (119 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions