Temporal Region and Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 1

Where is the termporal fossa?

Question 2

Where does the temporal fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 2

via the gap between the zygomatic arch and the medial skull

Question 3

What is the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 3

is a wedge shaped space deep to the masseter muscle

Question 4

What fossa is this?

Answer 4

Temporal Fossa

Question 5

What fossa is this?

Answer 5

Infratemporal fossa

Question 6

What kind of joint is the TMJ?

Question 7

What is the lower part of the TMJ used for?

Answer 7

allows elevation and depression

Question 8

What is the upper part of the TMJ used for?

Answer 8

for protrusion and retraction

Question 9

What are the three extracapsular ligaments of the TMJ?

Answer 9

1. lateral ligament
2. sphenomandibular ligament
3. stylomandibular ligament

Question 10

What muscles are used to open the mouth or cause depression of the mandible?

Answer 10

1. lateral pterygoid
2. suprahyoid
3. infrahyoid

Question 11

What muscles are used to close the mouth or cause elevation of the mandible?

Answer 11

1. Temporalis
2. masseter
3. medial pterygoid

Question 12

What muscles are used to protrude the mandible?

Answer 12

1. Lateral pterygoid
2. Masseter
   3.

Question 13

What muscles are used to retract the mandible?

Answer 13

1. Temporalis
2. Masseter

Question 14

What is the function of the temporalis?

Answer 14

To elevate the mandible or close the mouth

Question 15

How do the fibers of the lateral pterygoid run?

Answer 15

nearly horizontal

Question 16

How do the fibers of the medial pterygoid run?

Answer 16

almost

Question 17

what movement of the mandible does the lateral pterygoid do?

Answer 17

protrusion

Question 18

What innervates the medial and lateral pterygoids?

Answer 18

mandibular division of trigeminal (V₃)

Question 19

What innervates the Temporalis?

Answer 19

by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V₃)

Question 20

What nerve supplies the skin of the temporal region?

Answer 20

the zygomaticotemporal branch of V₂

Question 21

What are the arteries of the temporal fossa?

Answer 21

• deep temporal arteries from maxillary artery
• middle temporal artery from the superficial temporal artery

Question 22

What is in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 22

• Medial/Lateral pterygoid muscles
• maxillary artery
• mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
• pterygoid plexus of veins
• branches of CN 7/9

Question 23

What is the motor innervation to the Masseter muscle?

Answer 23

V3 of trigeminal nerve

Question 24

What is motor innervation to Medial and Lateral Pterygoid muscles?

Answer 24

V3 of trigeminal (Mandibular)

Question 25

What gives sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 25

Lingual nerve branch of V3 (mandibular)

Question 26

What does the inferior alveolar nerve do?

Answer 26

it is a sensory branch of V3 (Mandibular) and it gives general sensation to lower teeth, lower lip and chin. It is motor to mylohyoid muscle

Question 27

What does the Chorda tympani nerve do?

Answer 27

gives sensation (special sensory afferent) to the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the lingual nerve

Question 28

From where does the chorda tympani originate?

Answer 28

the facial nerve

Question 29

What kind of nerve fibers does the Chorda Tympani carry to the submandibular ganglion?

Answer 29

Preganglionic Parasympathetic via the lingual nerve

Question 30

What nerve is affected in Bell's Palsy?

Answer 30

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 31

What is Frey's Syndrome?

Answer 31

Uncontrolled sweating upon eating caused by promiscuous parasympathetic axons innervating sweat glands

Question 32

What are the branches of the Maxillary artery?

Answer 32

1. Middle meningeal 2. Inferior Alveolar 3. Buccal Branch 4. Superior Alveolar 5. Sphenopalatine 6. deep temporal branches

Question 33

What veins connect with the Pterygoid Plexus?

Answer 33

Emissary veins and facial veins

Question 34

What are the walls of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 34

Anterior = maxilla Medial = palatine bone Posterior = sphenoid bone

Question 35

What does the foramen rotundum transmit?

Answer 35

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 36

What passes through the pterigoid canal?

Answer 36

Transmits the greater petrosal nerve

Question 37

What does the pterygoid plexus drain?

Answer 37

areas supplied by the maxillary artery

Question 38

What branches come off the Maxillary (V2) nerve?

Answer 38

1. Orbital branches 2. nasal nerves 3. pharyngeal nerves 4. zygomatic nerve 5. posterior superior alveolar nerve 6. infra-orbital nerve

Question 39

Is the Deep Petrosal Nerve sympathetic of parasympathetic?

Question 40

Is the Greater Petrosal Nerve Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Answer 40

Parasympathetic

Question 41

What kind of nerve fiber does the deep petrosal nerve carry?

Answer 41

It carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 42

What kind of nerve fibers does the Greater Petrosal Nerve carry?

Answer 42

It carries preganglionic fibers from the Cranial Nerve VII (facial)

Question 43

What does the Greater Petrosal Nerve innervate?

Answer 43

It innervates mucous glands of nose, salivary glands of upper half of oral cavity and lacrimal gland.