Parathyroid Flashcards
Describe the structure of the parathyroid gland
- It has two PARATHYROID GLANDS on each side
- 1 embedded in each thyroid lobe,
- 1 external beside each thyroid lobe
- has chief cells that secrete parathyroid hormone
What are these cells?
What is the function of Chief cells of the parathyroid glands?
secrete parathyroid hormone which acts on bone, kidneys, and the intestines by increasing calcium serum levels
What is the function of oxyphil cells of the parathyroid glands?
- Its function is unknown
- it’s believed that oxyphil cells and a third cell, described as an intermediate cell, probably represent inactive phases of a single cell type
Identify which are the chief cells and which are the oxyphil cells
True or False
Oxyphil cells contain a lot of mitochondria
True
True or False
Oxiphil cells have known secretory function.
False
Identify the structure pointed by the arrow
Oxiphil cell
What is the structure pointed by the arrow?
Oxyphil cell
What are the cells pointed by the arrow?
Oxyphil cells
What is the function of the parathyroid hormone in bones?
Stimulate osteoclast differentiation and bone differentiation.
What is the function of the parathyroid hormone in the Kidney’s?
Stimulate Calcium reabsorption
What is the function of the parathyroid hormone in the gut?
Stimulates synthesis of vitamin D necessary for intestinal calcium uptake.
Who controlls the release of parathyroid hormone?
Release is controlled by calcium sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland
What is the hormone that is antagonistic to PTH?
Calcitonin does the opposite to PTH
What is Hyperparathyroidism?
overactivity of the parathyroid glands causing calcium imbalance
What will you see in a patient with Hyperparathyroidism?
hypercalcimia
kidney stones
fatigue
How do you treat Hyperparathyroidism?
Surgical removal of the faulty gland.
What is the more eosinophilic looking tissue?
Parathyroid Adenoma
What is the most common cause of Hyperparathyroidism?
Parathyroid Adenoma
