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Undeleted > Lymph Nodes > Flashcards

Lymph Nodes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway of lymph?

A
  1. afferent duct
  2. subcapsular sinus
  3. cortical/trabecular sinus
  4. medullary sinuses
  5. efferent duct
  6. next node
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2
Q

What does the lymph node do?

A

it filters lymph

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3
Q

What are sinuses inside lymph nodes?

A

vascular spaces filled with lymph

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4
Q

What is this?

A

Lymph node

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5
Q

What kind of immunological respose does the lymph node give?

A

specific immunological response

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6
Q

Why would a lymph node become swollen and tender?

A

due to infection or cancer

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7
Q

What is the trayectory of lymph inside a lymph node?

A
  1. Afferent vessel
  2. Subcapsular sinus
  3. Trabecular sinus
  4. Medullary sinus
  5. Efferent vessel
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8
Q

What are the divisions of the lymph node?

A
  • Capsule
  • Subcapsular sinus
  • Cortex
  • Paracortex
  • Medulla
    • Medullary cords
    • Medullary sinuses
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9
Q

What does the subcapsular sinus have?

A

macrophages

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10
Q

What does the cortex of a lymph node contain?

A

B cells

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11
Q

What cells does the paracortex of a lymph node contain?

A

T cells

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12
Q

Identify the division of the lymph node (A,B,C)

A

A= capsule

B = Paracortex

C = MEdula

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13
Q

True or False

Efferent lymphatic vessels penetrate the capsule, dumping lymph into the sinus where its contents are processed by lymphocytes and APCs

A

False - Afferent lymphatic vessels are the ones that penetrate the capsule

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14
Q

Through where do macrophages migrate after they have phagocytosed an antigen to reach the T cells? To what layer do they migrate?

To where do T cells migrate after macrophages have presented them with the antigen? Why?

A
  • Trabecular sinuses
  • To the paracortex
  • They migrate to the cortex
  • To stimulate B cells so that they create germinal centers
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15
Q

Where is the paracortex?

A

between the cortex and the medulla

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16
Q

What does the paracortex contain?

A

Contains high endothelial venules that permit T cells to exit the bloodstream and enter the lymph node

17
Q

What does the medulla have to hold plasma cells?

A

medullary cords that contain reticular framework

18
Q

What do plasma cells secrete into the medullary sinuses?

A

antibodies

19
Q

What are high endothelial venules?

A

permit T cells to exit the bloodstream and enter the lymph node

they also express addressins

20
Q

what are addressins?

A

they specify the particular lymph node

21
Q

Through where can T cells leave the lymph node?

A

Trabecular sinus and medullary sinus to flow through the efferent vessels

22
Q

What mechanism is used by T cells to leave the lymph node?

A

Diapedesis

23
Q

What molecules are used by T cells to exit the vasculature?

A

They use L-selectin to slow down and roll and then use selectin to exit the vasculature

24
Q

What is this?

A

High endothelial cells

25
Q

What is this?

A

High endothelial cells

26
Q

What is this?

A

High endothelial cells

27
Q

What is mononucleosis?

A

A viral disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

28
Q

What are the characteristical symptoms of mononucleosis?

A
  • fever,
  • sore throat,
  • fatigue,
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • potential splenomegaly.
29
Q

What are the two types of Lymphoma?

A
  1. Hodgkin lymphoma
  2. Non-Hodgkin
30
Q

What are Hodgkin’s Lymphoma symptoms?

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Fever and chills that come and go
  3. Itching all over the body that cannot be explained
  4. Loss of appetite
  5. Soaking night sweats
  6. Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
31
Q

What cell are indicative of Hodgekin’s Lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

32
Q

What is this?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

33
Q

What is this cell?

A

Reed-Sternberg

34
Q

What is Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?

A

Aggressive lymphoma with major subtypes

Consists of cells that are 4-5 times the diameter of a small lymphocytes and typically have marked cell-to-cell variation in size and shape.

35
Q

What disease is this?

A

Diffuse Large B-Cell lymphoma

36
Q

What is HIV-AIDS?

A

Virus that infects and leads to low levels of CD4+ T

37
Q

HIV kills CD+4 T cells by 3 mechanisms, what are these?

A
  1. direct viral killing of infected cells
  2. increased rates of apoptosis of infected cells
  3. killing infected CD+4 cells by CD+8 cells recognizing affected CD+4
38
Q

What happens when CD4+ T cell numbers decline below critical levels?

A

cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.

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