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Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 special cells found in the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhans- immune system
  4. Merkel’s- sensory cells
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2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum Basale (germinativum)
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum (thick skin only)
  5. Stratum Corneum
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3
Q

What stratum is this?

A

Stratum Basale

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4
Q

What kind of cancer occurs in Stratum Spinosum?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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5
Q

What is the appearance of the Stratum Spinosum?

A

Looks like “prickle cells” or just plain spiny looking

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6
Q

What is this layer?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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7
Q

Identify the 2 layers

A

Stratum Basale and Stratum Spinosum

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8
Q

What are these structures and that stratum is this?

A

Desmosomes and it is part of Stratum Spinosum

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9
Q

Is Stratum Granulosum acidophillic or basophillic?

A

Basophillic

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10
Q

How many layers does Stratum Granulosum have?

A

3-5

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11
Q

What happens to organelles and nucleus in the Stratum Granulosum?

A

they soon are lost

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12
Q

Identify the layers

A
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13
Q

What is this stratum?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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14
Q

What is this stratum?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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15
Q

What is the Stratum Lucidum?

A
  • only found in thick skin
  • has no organelles
  • it is transparent / a bit eosinophillic
  • precursor to keratin
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16
Q

What are the different Stratums?

A
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17
Q

What is this stratum shown by the arrow?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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18
Q

What do the Stratum Corneum cell consist of?

A

Keratin, a scleroprotein

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19
Q

How many layers is the Stratum Corneum composed of?

A

15-20

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20
Q

How do cells of Stratum Corneum appear like?

A

They appear horny

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21
Q

Identify all the Stratums

A
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22
Q

Identify all the Stratas

A

A = Stratum Corneum

B = Stratum Granulosum

C = Stratum Spinosum

D = Stratum Basalis

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23
Q

Name the accessory cells of the epidermis

A
  1. Langerhan’s Cells
  2. Merkel’s Cells
  3. Melanocyte’s Cells
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24
Q

What do Langerhans cells do?

A

They are Macrophage-like antigen presenting cells

IMPoRTAnT!! - They are not attached to keratinocytes

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25
Where do you find Langerhans cells?
Stratum Basale and Corneum
26
What are these cells?
Langerhans cells
27
What do Merkel cells do?
May be mechanoreceptors or cutaneous sensation.
28
Will Merckels cells be present in **Thin** or **Thick** skin?
Thick (fingertips)
29
True or False Merckel cell dont have desmosomal attachments.
False
30
In what stratum are Melanocytes present in?
Stratum Basale
31
What do melanocytes produce?
Melanin
32
What does Melanin do? (what is its purpose?)
It helps protect against Ultraviolet light.
33
What condition is present when there is absense of melanin?
Vitiligo
34
What are these cells?
Melanocytes
35
What are these cells?
Melanocytes
36
What is this cell?
Melanocyte
37
What is this cell?
Melanocyte
38
What are the 3 types of cancer of the skin?
1. Basal cell 2. Squamous cell 3. Melanoma
39
How often does Basal cell carcinoma metastasize?
Rarely
40
What is this cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma ## Footnote Raised, smooth, pearly bump on the sun-exposed skin most common form of skin cancer: 1 in 3 causasians
41
What is this cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
42
What kind of cancer is this?
Basal Cell Carcinoma ## Footnote stratum basale
43
How does Squamous Cell Carcinoma present?
it presents as scaly, red, thickened patch on sun exposed skin.
44
What cancer is this?
Squamous cell Carcinoma ## Footnote * Second most common skin cancer * May also been found on lips, in mouth or digestive tract * Red, scaling, thickened patch on sun-exposed skin * Ulceration and bleeding may occur * Stratum spinosum Note: squamous cell carsinoma is more dangerous than basal cell carcinoma
45
What are the "ABCDE's" of a Melanoma?
A= asymmetrical B= "borders" (irregular) C= "color" (variegated) D= "diameter“ \> 6mm E= enlarging
46
What cancer is this? tell me about it.
Melanoma ## Footnote * Usually brown or black * "ABCDE” –A= asymmetrical –B= "borders" (irregular) –C= "color" (variegated) –D= "diameter“ \> 6mm –E= enlarging •Relatively rare, poor prognosis
47
What cancer is this? Tell me about it
Melanoma * Usually brown or black * "ABCDE” –A= asymmetrical –B= "borders" (irregular) –C= "color" (variegated) –D= "diameter“ \> 6mm –E= enlarging •Relatively rare, poor prognosis
48
What is this Cancer? At what layer does it occur
Melanoma ## Footnote
49
What is this Cancer?
Melanoma
50
What is the dermis composed of?
Connective tissue Papillary layer
51
What will you find in the papillary layer?
loose connective tissue nerves blood vessels mast cells and macrophages
52
Name the 3 types of glands in the dermis and where they release the contents
1. Eccrine: empty onto surface of skin 2. Apocrine: empty into hair follicle 3. Sebaceous: empty into hair follicle
53
What is sebum?
It is produced by sebaceous glands and acts as a moisturizer and could be a fungicide or bacteriocide.
54
Describe the sensory nerve endings of the skin
1. Free nerve endings (Pain, itch) 2. Meissner’s corpuscles (Fine touch) 3. Pacinian corpuscles (Pressure) 4. Ruffini corpuscles (Stretch )
55
What is this type of nerve ending
Meissner's Corpuscle
56
What kind of nerve ending is this?
Panician Corpuscles
57
What kind of nerve ending is this?
Panician Corpuscle
58
What is this tissue? What is the blue arrow pointing to?
59
60
Epidermal pegs and Dermal papillae
Epidermal pegs Dermal papillae Epidermis contains free nerve endings but no vasculature Supporting vessels found in papillary layer of dermis Stratum spinosum is under stratum granulosum legend: PL= papillary layer (loose) RL= reticular layer (dense collagen fibers) SB= stratum basale SC= stratum corneum SGr= stratum granulosum

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