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Undeleted > Pituitary, Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary, Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A system that has ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

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2
Q

What does the endocrine system help do?

A

It helps regulate metabolism

Maintain homeostasis

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3
Q

what are some of the Primary endocrine organs?

A
  1. hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland)
  2. epiphysis cerebri (pineal gland)
  3. thyroid gland
  4. parathyroid gland
  5. adrenal glands
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4
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A
  • Monitors blood levels of circulating hormones
  • Controls the activity of the anterior pituitary via hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
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5
Q

What are the divisions of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Intermediate
  3. Posterior
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6
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A
  • Endocrine system
  • autonomic control
  • circadian rhythm
  • water balance
  • temperature
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7
Q

What is the portal system?

A

It is a bed of capillaries used by the hypothalamus to relase inhibiting or realising factors into the bloodstream.

These factor control the secretory activity of the anterior pituitary.

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8
Q

Name the regulating hormones released by the hypothalamus.

A
  1. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GhRH)
  2. Somatostatin
  3. Dopamine
  4. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
  5. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  6. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
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9
Q

What does GhRH do?

A

stimulates growth

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10
Q

What does Somatostatin do?

A

inhibits GH and insulin secretion

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11
Q

What does Dopamine do?

A

It inhibits prolactin secretion.

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12
Q

What does Corticotropin releasing hormone do?

A

Stimulates ACTH release

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13
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH.

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14
Q

What does Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) do?

A

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

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15
Q

Name the hormones released by the posterior pituitary.

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. ADH
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16
Q

What is a Pituitary Adenoma?

A
  • Tumor of the Anterior Pituitary.
  • It can press on Optic Chiasm (loss of peripheral vision)
  • occurs hypersecretion of hormones
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17
Q

What is this?

A

Prolachtinom

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18
Q

What is this?

A

normal prolactin producing cells

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19
Q

What are the two major divisions of the pituitary?

A
  1. adenohypophysis
  2. neurohypophysis
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20
Q

From where does the Adenohypophysis arise from?

A

from the oral ectoderm

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21
Q

Where does the neurohypophysis arise from?

A

from neuroectoderm

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22
Q

who controls the adenohypophysis?

A

the hypothalamus

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23
Q

What does the adenohypophysis contain?

A

hormone secreting cells

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24
Q

What is the neurohypohysis?

A

is the release site to the vascular system from hormones made by neurosecretory cells from the hypothalamus.

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25
What hormones do Herring Bodies contain?
Oxytocin and ADH
26
What are these cells?
Herring Bodies
27
Identify the pars distali and pars nervosa
28
What are the 3 cell types of the pars distalis?
1. Acidophils 2. Basophils 3. Chromophobes
29
Identify
30
In what 2 cells do Acidophils divide?
1. Somatotrophs 2. Mammotrophs
31
What do Somatotrophs do?
* Produce Somatotrophin = growth hormone * stimulates bone growth and metabolism
32
What stimulates Somatotrophs to make Somatotrophin?
SRH
33
What inhibits Somatotrophs to stop making Somatotrophin?
Somatostatin
34
What do Mammotrophs do or make?
They produce Prolactin which promotes milk production after birth.
35
What cell promotes mammary gland development?
Mammotrophs
36
What are the cell types in Basophil cells?
1. Corticotrophs 2. Thyrotrophs 3. Gonadotrophs
37
What do Corticotrophs produce?
They produce ACTH
38
What stimulates Corticotrophs?
CRH
39
What do thyrotrophs do?
they produce Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
40
What stimulates gonadotrophs?
GnRh
41
What do Gonadotrophs produce?
FSH and LH
42
What do Gonadotrophs control?
sex hormones
43
True or False ## Footnote Chromophobes generally have less cytoplasm than chromophils.
True
44
From where is the Pineal Gland derived from?
from neuroectoderm
45
What does the Pineal Gland do?
It regulates the dauly body rythm.
46
What cells inhabit the Pineal Gland?
Pinelocytes
47
What do Pinelocytes do?
they produce melatonin
48
What is a Brain-sand?
It is a calcified concretion
49
What are brain-sands used for?
used in CT's to determine the midline of the brain
50
What inhibits melatonin production?
light
51
What is melatonin used for?
used to induce sleep
52
What does Melatonin inhibit?
It inhibits GnRH release by Hypothalamus
53
What happens if the pineal gland is damaged?
Precocious puberty can occur
54
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus?
* Constant thirst * Frequent urination * Glucosuria – negative * Proteinuria—negative
55
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus?
* constant thirst * frequent urination * glucosuria-positive * fatigue * numbness
56
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypo/hyperthyroidism?
* chronic fatigue * low body temperature * dry skin * depression * bradycardia * anterior neck swelling
57
What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism?
* muscle pain * low bone density * kidney stones * hyperkalemia
58
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypo/hyperadrenocorticism?
* Tachycardia * Anxiety * Weight loss * Excessive sweating * Exopthalamus
59
Which are acidophils and which are basophils?
60
What is this?
Hypophysis
61
Where is this?
Hypophysis

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