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Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the weakest part of the clavicle?

A

junction of medial 2/3

junction of lateral 1/3

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2
Q

In a clavicular fracture, what is at risk of getting damaged?

A

Brachial Plexus

Subclavian Vessels

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3
Q

How does a Colle’s Fracture present?

A

forced extension of the hand, usually as a result of trying to ease a fall by outstretching the upper limb.

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4
Q

In Colle’s Fracture, where is the distal fragment displaced?

A

the distal fragment is displaced dorsally

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5
Q

How does Smith’s Fracture present?

A

results from a fall or a blow on the dorsal aspect of the flexed wrist and produces a ventral angulation of the wrist.

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6
Q

In Smith’s Fracture, where is the distal fragment displaced?

A

distal fragment is displaced anteriorly

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7
Q

What kind of fracture is this?

A

Colle’s

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8
Q

What kind of fracture is this?

A

Smiths Fracture

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What is Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture?

A

when there is damage to the brachial artery during a supracondylar fracture causing flexors and extensor to contract.

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11
Q

What is another name for Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture?

A

Claw Hand

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12
Q

What kind of pulse is absent when Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture is present?

A

Radial pulse

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13
Q

How do fingers look in Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture?

A

blue or white and feel cold

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14
Q

What is a supracondylar fracture?

A

fracture caused by falling on an outstreched hand (FOOSH)

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15
Q

What is displaced backwards in a supracondylar fracture?

A

distal fragment of the elbow

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16
Q

What is claw hand?

A

extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion of wrist

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17
Q

What is pitcher’s elbow?

A

when a torn ulnar collateral ligament occurs

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18
Q

What is nursemaids elbow?

A

when you have a torn annular ligament, therefore, dislocation of radius

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19
Q

What is lateral epicondilitis?

A

Inflammation of the extensors at their origin or Radial nerve entrapment.

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20
Q

What is another name for Lateral Epicondylitis?

A

Tennis Elbow

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21
Q

What is Medial Epicondylitis?

A

Inflammation of Flexor’s at their origin.

22
Q

What is another name for Medial Epicondylitis?

A

Golfer’s Elbow

23
Q

What is Student’s Elbow?

A

Inflammation of the Olecranon Bursa

24
Q

What is Colle’s Fracture?

A

Flexion fracture of the radius.

distal radius pushed dorsally

25
Q

What is Smith’s Fracture?

A

Extension fracture of the Radius

Distal Radius pushed ventrally

26
Q

What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve in cubital fossa

27
Q

When you place a venous line in the cubital fossa, what vein do you use?

A

Median Cubital Vein

28
Q

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

when you have a lesion that reduces the size of the carpal tunnel, pressing on the median nerve.

29
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome will cause what shape in the hand?

A

Ape Hand

30
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome patients can’t do what movement in the thumb?

A

Opposition of the thumb

31
Q

Will Carpal Tunnel Syndrome patients lose sensation over their hand?

A

No, the Palmar cutaneous branch passes over the palmar aponeurosis.

32
Q

What can Median nerve damage affect?

A

loss of flexion of IP joints

abduction and opposition of thumb

33
Q

What is Wrist Drop?

A

Randial nerve damage causing extensors to stop working

34
Q

What is De Quarvain’s Tendonitis?

A

inflammation of the wrist tendons at the base of the thumb

35
Q

What is Skier’s Thumb?

A

Damage to the Ulnar Collateral Ligament

36
Q

What is Mallet Finger?

A

Occurs due to DIP joint hyperflexion

37
Q

What is Boxer’s fracture?

A

fracture of the nech of metacarpal bones at the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

38
Q

what metacarpal bones do inexperienced fighters brake?

A

4th and 5th metacarpal bones

39
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

the erosion of bone and joints of the hand

40
Q

What is Dupuytren’s Contracture? What happens?

A

Tightening of the Palmar Aponeurosis, occurs fixed flexion of the digits (especially ulnarly)

41
Q

What is Boutonniere’s Deformity?

A

central portion of extensor is torn in fingers resulting in hyperextension fo DIP joints and hyperflexion of PIP by flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus.

42
Q

What is Thoracic Outlet syndrome?

A

whe there is pressure put on the brachial plexus by the anterior and medial scalene muscles next to it.

43
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

A

it is and upper trunk Brachial Plexus lesion on C5-C6

44
Q

What is another name for Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

A

Waiter’s Tip

45
Q

What are the nerves damaged in Waiter’s Tip?

A

musculocutaneous

Axillary

Suprascapular

46
Q

How do patients with Waiter’s Tip present?

A

adducted shoulder, medially rotated arm and extended elbow

47
Q

What is Klumpke’s paralysis?

A

it is a lower brachial plexus palsy

48
Q

Where is the injury in klumpke’s palsy?

A

in the lower roots and trunk C8-T1

49
Q

What nerves can be damaged in Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

Ulnar mainly and Median moderately

50
Q

What muscles are damaged in Lower Brachial Palsy?

A

intrinsic muscles of the hand

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