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Undeleted > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Skeletal and carilagenous components of the neck?

A
  • 7 cervical vertebrae
  • hyoid bone
  • Larynx (thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage)
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2
Q

Cricothyrotomy

A
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3
Q

Tracheotomy

A
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4
Q

What muscle is in the superficial fascia of the neck?

A

Platysma

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5
Q

What are the 4 distinct layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  1. Inversting: covers entire neck area
  2. Pre-Vertebral: Surrounds the vertebral column, scalenes and deep neck/back muscles​
  3. Pre-Tracheal: covers the trachea, pharynx, esophagus and thyroid/parathyroid glands
  4. Carotid Sheath: surrounds the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve
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6
Q

Name the 3 fascial spaces between the fascial layers

A
  1. Pre-Trachial: between the investing fascia and pretracheal fascia (anterior part) and extending from the neck to the superior mediastinum
  2. Retropharyngeal: between the buccopharyngeal (posterior surface of the pharynx and esophagus) and the prevertebral fascia
  3. Within the prevertebral layer
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7
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A
  1. Platysma
  2. Sternocleidomastoid
  3. Suprahyoid/Infrahyoid group
  4. Laryngeal/Pharyngeal
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8
Q

What are the nerves of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A
  1. Cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, X, XII)
  2. Spinal nerves – Cervical plexus
  3. Autonomic – Cervical sympathetic trunk and parasympathetics from Vagus
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9
Q

What are the arteries of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Common carotid arteries

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10
Q

What are the glands/organs of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Submandibular gland

Thyroid/Parathyroid gland

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11
Q

What are the organs of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Larynx/Trachea

Esophagus

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12
Q

What is the Anterior boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

midline of the neck

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13
Q

What is the Posterior boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle

A

anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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14
Q

What is the Superior boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle

A

Inferior border of the body of the mandible.

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15
Q

What is the floor boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Larynx and Pharynx

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16
Q

What is the Roof boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

layer of the deep cervical fascia

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve 11 (CN 11)

18
Q

What is the sensory supply for the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

C2,C3

19
Q

What does the Sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

A

moves the neck laterally and flexes it, also rotates it.

20
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Is a shortening of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle due to hematoma with fibrosis. Causes rotation of head to opposite side with lateral flexion.

21
Q

Name the 3 sub-triangles of the anterior cervical triangle.

A
  1. Submandibular: has the hypoglossal nerve, submandibular gland and facial artery and vein.
  2. Submental: lymph nodes
  3. Muscular: infrahyoid muscle, thyroid and parathyroid glands
  4. Carotid: carotid arteries, part of hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve.
22
Q

What are the Suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Anterior Belly of Digastric
  2. Posterior Belly of Digastric
  3. Stylohyoid
  4. Mylohyoid
  5. Geniohyoid
23
Q

What do the Suprahyoid muscles do?

A
  • they suspend the hyoid bone from the mandible
  • they raise the hyoid bone during swallowing
    *
24
Q

What innervates geniohyoid?

A

C1

25
Q

What innervates Anterior belly of digastric?

A

Mandibular (V3) nerve; (motor innervation)

26
Q

What innervates Posterior Belly of Digastric?

A

Facial Nerve CN 7

27
Q

What innervates Stylohyoid?

A

Facial Nerve CN 7

28
Q

What innervates Mylohyoid?

A

Trigeminal Nerve CN V3

29
Q

What does the Infrahyoid muscles do?

A
  • coordinate movement of swallowing
  • attach hyoid to inferior structures
30
Q

What innervates the Infrahyoid muscles?

A

C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis

31
Q

What are the muscles that make up the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Omohyoid
  3. Thyrohyoid
  4. Sternothyroid
32
Q

Where does the right common carotid arise from?

A

it arises from the brachiocephalic artery

33
Q

Where does the left common carotid arise from?

A

It arises directly from the aorta

34
Q

Where does the common carotid bifurcate? (at what level)

A

C3-C4 it bifurcates into the internal and external carotid

35
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Superior thyroid
  2. Ascending pharyngeal
  3. lingual
  4. facial
  5. occipital
  6. posterior auricular
  7. superficial temporal arteries
  8. maxillary
36
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

it is a dilation at origin of internal carotid artery that contains baroreceptors (they monitor bloop pressure)

37
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

contains chemoreceptors (GVA fibers) that monitor O2 and CO2 levels

38
Q

True or False

Atherosclerotic plaques are very common at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.

A

True

39
Q

What is the Ansa Cervicalis?

A
  • Loop of nerve fibers from cervical plexus

*

40
Q

What does the Ansa Cervicalis innervate?

A

its branches innervate the infrahyoid muscles.

41
Q

What nerves form the Cervical Plexus?

A

ventral rami from C1-C4

Undeleted (35 decks)

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