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Undeleted > Face & Parotid Gland, Scalp > Flashcards

Face & Parotid Gland, Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

The subcutaneous tissue of the face is barely vascularized.

A

False - it is highly vascularized

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2
Q

What muscles does the subcutaneous tissue of the face contain?

A

muscles of facial expression

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3
Q

What nerve branches does the Subcutaneous tissue of face have?

A
  • sensory branches of trigeminal (V) nerve
  • upper cervical spinal nerves and motor branches of the facial nerve (VII)
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4
Q

Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?

A

they lie within the superficial fascia

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5
Q

What are the facial muscles of expression innervated by?

A

Branches of the facial nerve

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6
Q

What are the facial mucles?

A
  1. Orbicularis occuli
  2. Orbicularis oris
  3. levator labii superioris
  4. Zygomaticus major
  5. Depressor Labii infrerioris
  6. Mentalis
  7. Depressor anguli oris
  8. Buccinator
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7
Q

What are the muscles of Mastication?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter (Superficial & Deep)
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8
Q

What happens if there is a lesion below the stylomastoid process?

A

you get facial paralysis

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9
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in the facial canal?

A
  • facial parylisis and loss of taste in anterior tongue, decreased salivation in affected side
  • hyperacusis because effected nerve branch affecting the stapedius muscle
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10
Q

What happens if there is a lesion below the geniculate ganglion?

A
  • <!--StartFragment-->

Facial paralysis

  • loss of taste in anterior tongue
  • decreased salivation on affected side<!--EndFragment-->
  • <!--StartFragment-->Hyperacusis as a result of effect on nerve branch to stapedius muscle<!--EndFragment-->
  • <!--StartFragment-->pain behind ear
  • Herpes of tympanum <!--EndFragment-->
  • dry eye
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11
Q

<!--StartFragment-->

What happens if you have a lesion in the Intracranial and/or internal auditory meatus.

<!--EndFragment-->

A
  • Facial paralysis
  • loss of taste in anterior tongue
  • decreased salivation on affected side
  • Hyperacusis as a result of effect on nerve branch to stapedius muscle
  • pain behind ear
  • Herpes of tympanum
  • dry eye
  • deafness (because it involves the 8th CN)
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12
Q

When does Bell’s Palsy occur?

A

It is a lesion in facial nerve, mostly in the stylomastiod foramen.

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13
Q

What do patients with Bell’s palsy have?

A

they have parylisis of the face on affected side.

  • the face sags
  • the cornea dries
  • the paralysis is of the buccinator and orbicularis oris
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Pain syndrome characterized by intermittent, shooting pain in the face along the trigeminal nerve distribution often accompanied by a brief facial spasm

Usually affects V3

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16
Q

Name the vascular supply to the face.

A
  1. facial artery
  2. Transverse facial branch of superficial temporal
  3. infraorbital, buccal and mental branches of maxillary artery
  4. supraorbital branch of opthalmic branch of internal carotid
17
Q

What is the main vein that drains the blood of the face?

A

the facial vein coming off the jugular

18
Q

True or False

Veins in the face have valves

A

False - they have no valves and blood may run in any direction.

19
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

its the point where all the vein channels interconnect.

20
Q

Why is it important that there are no valves in the intracranial veins?

A

no valves means that blood runs anywhere and therefore if there is infection, it may spread anywhere also.

21
Q

What are the 3 directions of lymphatic drainage?

A

Lymphatic drainage of the face primarily moves towards three groups of lymph nodes:

  1. Submental nodes: Drain the lower lip and chin
  2. Submandibular nodes: Drain part of the orbit, the external nose, part of the cheek, the upper lip, and part of the lower lip
  3. Pre-auricular and Parotid nodes: Drains most of the eyelids, part of the external nose, and part of the cheek.
22
Q

Where is the Parotid gland?

A
  • Lateral to the TMJ
  • extends from zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible
  • the duct pierces the buccinator
23
Q

What artery passes through the parotid gland? and what branches does it give off?

A

The external carotid artery

Branches:

  1. posterior auricular
  2. maxillary
  3. superficila temporal
24
Q

What nerve enters the parotid gland?

A

the facial nerve

25
Q

How does the communication between the extra-cranial and intra-cranial mediated?

A

It occurs through the meninges and the dural sinus.

26
Q

True or False

Blood or pus from an infection can spread easily.

A

True

27
Q

How do infection and bleeding spread intracranially?

A

Through emissary veins.

28
Q

How does the pupillary reflex happen?

A

light hits the retina, photoreceptors recieve it and send information through optic nerve to the ciliary ganglion and to oculomotor nerve, contricting the pupil.

29
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

it is when there is damage to the sympathetic innervation to the eye

There is constriction of the pupil and ptosis of upper eyelid

30
Q

True or False

The retinal artery enters with the optic nerve through the optical disc.

A

True

31
Q

What is a choked optic disk?

A

it occurs when there is swelling of the optic disk due to increased Cerebrospinal fluid.

Causes papilledema

32
Q

How does the eye accomodate its lens?

A

Through parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscle

33
Q

What is the sign for CN IV Palsy?

A

Superior oblique paralysis

diplopia

Patient cannot look downward when adducted

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