Face & Parotid Gland, Scalp Flashcards
True or False
The subcutaneous tissue of the face is barely vascularized.
False - it is highly vascularized
What muscles does the subcutaneous tissue of the face contain?
muscles of facial expression
What nerve branches does the Subcutaneous tissue of face have?
- sensory branches of trigeminal (V) nerve
- upper cervical spinal nerves and motor branches of the facial nerve (VII)
Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?
they lie within the superficial fascia
What are the facial muscles of expression innervated by?
Branches of the facial nerve
What are the facial mucles?
- Orbicularis occuli
- Orbicularis oris
- levator labii superioris
- Zygomaticus major
- Depressor Labii infrerioris
- Mentalis
- Depressor anguli oris
- Buccinator
What are the muscles of Mastication?
- Temporalis
- Masseter (Superficial & Deep)
What happens if there is a lesion below the stylomastoid process?
you get facial paralysis
What happens if there is a lesion in the facial canal?
- facial parylisis and loss of taste in anterior tongue, decreased salivation in affected side
- hyperacusis because effected nerve branch affecting the stapedius muscle
What happens if there is a lesion below the geniculate ganglion?
- <!--StartFragment-->
Facial paralysis
- loss of taste in anterior tongue
- decreased salivation on affected side<!--EndFragment-->
- <!--StartFragment-->Hyperacusis as a result of effect on nerve branch to stapedius muscle<!--EndFragment-->
- <!--StartFragment-->pain behind ear
- Herpes of tympanum <!--EndFragment-->
- dry eye
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What happens if you have a lesion in the Intracranial and/or internal auditory meatus.
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- Facial paralysis
- loss of taste in anterior tongue
- decreased salivation on affected side
- Hyperacusis as a result of effect on nerve branch to stapedius muscle
- pain behind ear
- Herpes of tympanum
- dry eye
- deafness (because it involves the 8th CN)
When does Bell’s Palsy occur?
It is a lesion in facial nerve, mostly in the stylomastiod foramen.
What do patients with Bell’s palsy have?
they have parylisis of the face on affected side.
- the face sags
- the cornea dries
- the paralysis is of the buccinator and orbicularis oris
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Pain syndrome characterized by intermittent, shooting pain in the face along the trigeminal nerve distribution often accompanied by a brief facial spasm
Usually affects V3
Name the vascular supply to the face.
- facial artery
- Transverse facial branch of superficial temporal
- infraorbital, buccal and mental branches of maxillary artery
- supraorbital branch of opthalmic branch of internal carotid
What is the main vein that drains the blood of the face?
the facial vein coming off the jugular
True or False
Veins in the face have valves
False - they have no valves and blood may run in any direction.
What is the cavernous sinus?
its the point where all the vein channels interconnect.
Why is it important that there are no valves in the intracranial veins?
no valves means that blood runs anywhere and therefore if there is infection, it may spread anywhere also.
What are the 3 directions of lymphatic drainage?
Lymphatic drainage of the face primarily moves towards three groups of lymph nodes:
- Submental nodes: Drain the lower lip and chin
- Submandibular nodes: Drain part of the orbit, the external nose, part of the cheek, the upper lip, and part of the lower lip
- Pre-auricular and Parotid nodes: Drains most of the eyelids, part of the external nose, and part of the cheek.
Where is the Parotid gland?
- Lateral to the TMJ
- extends from zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible
- the duct pierces the buccinator
What artery passes through the parotid gland? and what branches does it give off?
The external carotid artery
Branches:
- posterior auricular
- maxillary
- superficila temporal
What nerve enters the parotid gland?
the facial nerve
