Temporal Region and Parotid Gland Flashcards
What is the artery, vein, and nerve found on the upper end of the parotid gland?
A: superficial temporal a.
V: superficial temporal v.
N: auriculotemporal n.
What is the artery, vein, and nerve found on the lower end of the parotid gland?
A: ECA
V: 2 divisions of retromandibular v.
N: cervical branch of facial n.
What is found on anterior border of the parotid gland?
accessory part of parotid gland, parotid duct, branches of facial n.
What are the structures found within the parotid gland? (AVN)
A: ECA
V: retromandibular v.
N: facial n.
What are the two muscles and bone found on the anteriomedial surface of the parotid gland?
muscles: masseter; medial pterygoid
bone: ramus
What are the muscles (2) and bones (2) found on the posteromedial surface of the parotid gland?
muscles: sternomastoid; posterior belly of digastric
bones: mastoid process; styloid process
note: ICA and IJV are also found here
In regards to the parotid fascia, its deep medial part extends from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible and thickens to form the ___ ligament
stylomandibular
What is found on the lateral surface of the parotid gland?
skin, fascia, lymph nodes, branches of great auricular n.
The parotid duct runs forwards over the ____ muscle and then pierces the ___ muscle.
masseter; buccinator
The parotid duct opens in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper ___ ___ tooth
2nd molar
What is the sensory nerve supply to the parotid gland?
auricolotemporal n.
In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, preganlgionic fibers: the tympanic branch of the ___ nerve enters the tympanic cavity to share in tympanic plexus of nerves and leave the cavity as the ___ ___ nerve
glossopharyngeal; lesser petrosal
In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, the lesser petrosal n. relays in the ___ ganglion which is associated with the mandibular nerve
otic
In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, postganglionic fibers:pass with the _____ n. to the gland
auriculotemporal
Someone who has stones in the parotid duct presents with intense pain during ___
salivation
If a stone is in the anterior part of the parotid duct, how is it treated? If its in the posterior part?
anterior part: incision of buccal mucosa allowing stone removal
posterior part: excision of the gland
Tumors of the parotid gland may involve 1 or more branches of the ___ nerve within the gland
facial
___ virus is a common cause of inflammation of the gland and the duct
mumps
Severe pain especially during chewing (localized at TMJ and external auditory meatus) and swelling of the cheek is a complaint of what?
mumps
note: pain at external auditory meatus because auricolotemporal n. is sensory to gland and skin over the temporal fossa and auricle
What is the sign of mumps?
redness on the papilla in the vestibule of the mouth- differentiates from tooth ache
Inflammation of the gland in adults may be serious leaving complications as ___ or ___
orchitis (inflamed testes); pancreatitis
For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: temporalis
origin: floor of temporal fossa and deep temporal fascia
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible
main action: elevation and retraction
nerve supply: mandibular n. (anterior div)
For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: masseter
origin: deep head: zygomatic arch; superficial head: maxillary process of zygomatic bone
insertion: lateral surface of ramus
main action: deep head: elevation; superficial head: elevation and protraction
nerve supply: mandibular n. (anterior div)
For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: medial pterygoid
origin: deep head: pterygoid plate; superficial head: maxillary tuberosity
insertion: mandible near angle
main action: elevation and protraction
nerve supply: mandibular n. (main trunk)
For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: lateral pterygoid
origin: upper head: greater wing of sphenoid; lower head: pterygoid plate
insertion: pterygoid fovea, capsule of TMJ, articular disk near neck of mandible
main action: protraction and side-to-side movement
nerve supply: mandibular nerve (anterior div)
What type of joint is the TMJ?
synovial
The articular surfaces of the TMJ (articular tubercle and mandibular fossa) are covered by what type of cartilage?
fibrocartilage
The upper part of the TMJ cavity allows the head of the mandible to do what?
protract and retract
The lower part of the TMJ cavity allow what type of movement?
hinge-like (elevation and depression)
What is the strongest ligament in the temporal region?
lateral tempomandibular (from zygomatic arch to lateral neck of mandible)
The pterygomandibular ligament is from the pterygoid ___ to the end of the ___ line
hamulus; mylohyoid
The sphenomandibular ligament is from the spine of the ___ to the ___ an medial part of the ___
sphenoid; lingula; ramus
The stylomandibular ligament is form the ___ process to the posterior part of the ___
styloid; angle
For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: protraction
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid (assists)
Masseter (superficial head)
For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: retraction
Temporalis
Geniohyoid
Digastric
For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: elevation
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: depression
Gravity
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: side-to-side
2 pterygoid muscles
What is the blood supply to the temporal region? (one artery)
maxillary a.
What is the nerve supply to the temporal region? (2 nerves)
auriculotemporal n.
nerve to masseter
What causes dislocation of TMJ?
excessive contraction of lateral pterygoid during yawning or taking a large bite causing anterior dislocation of the mandibular head
Arthritis of the TMJ may lead to clicking due to delayed anterior movement of the __ during mandibular depression and elevation
disc
What are the muscles attached to the external surface of mandible? (3)
platysma: insertion
masseter: insertion
buccinator: origin
