Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Superficial Back > Flashcards

Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

True or false?

the skin of the back is of average thickness and unremarkable

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the superficial fascia of the back

A

loose network of connective tissue. varies in amounts of fat dispersed , contains superficial branches of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the deep fascia of the back

A

more compact sheet dominated by collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

deep fascia frequently surrounds or encases other structures, especially muscles, and is termed ___ fascia

A

investing

note: investing fascia is continuous with the epimysium of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

deep fascia can also extend from the superficial fascia to skeletal features, in which case it is referred to as a ___

A

septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in the back a portion of the deep fascia is specialized, termed the thoracolumbar fascia. describe it

A

an extensive sheet, extending from the sacrum and iliac crest superiorly to the neck and from the spinous processes laterally to the angle of the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many layers are found in the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

three layers of investing fascia

note: also plays role in spine stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or false?

the tendinous origins of many of the back muscles are integrated with the thoracolumbar fascia

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three insertion points of the superficial back muscles?

A

scapula, clavical, humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the source of innervation for the superficial back muscles

A

cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the insertion points of intermediate back muscles?

A

ribs distal to angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the source of innervation for the intermediate back muscles

A

spinal nerves, anterior rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the insertion points for the deep muscles of the back?

A

vertebrae, ribs (angle and proximal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the source of innervation for the deep muscles of the back?

A

spinal nerves, posterior rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

motor nerve cell bodies (motor neurons) are located in the ventral ___ matter of the spinal cord; their axons exit the spinal cord as the ventral rootlets, which collectively from the ___ ____

A

gray; ventral root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sensory nerve cell bodies (sensory neurons) are located in the dorsal ___ ___; their axons enter the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord as dorsal rootlets, which collectively form the ____ ___

A

root ganglia; dorsal root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

near the level of the _____ _____ the spinal nerve is formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots; each of the 31 spinal nerves includes both sensory and motor axons

A

intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

each spinal nerve divides into a ___ ___ and ___ ___

A

posterior ramus; anterior ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A ___ forms when the anterior rami of multiple spinal nerves combine

A

plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false?
most of the spinal nerves in the thoracic region do not form plexi; the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves form the intercostal nerves

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

plexi are located in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral regions. The anterior rams of T1 contributes to the ___ plexus and the anterior rams of T12 contributes to the ___ plexus

A

brachial; lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nerves branching off the brachial plexus innervate some of the muscles in the superficial group of back muscles. true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The cranial nerves are historically interpreted as modified spinal nerves that are associated with the ___ rather than the ____

A

brain; spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The eleventh cranial nerve is the ___ nerve

A

accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the route the accessory nerve takes

A

passes superiorly to enter the skull though the foramen magnum then reverses direction and exits the skull by way of the jugular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

upon exiting the jugular foramen, the accessory nerve crosses the internal jugular vein and passes into what?

hint: this portion of the neck is closely associated with the branches of the cervical plexus and is the site of administration of cervical plexus nerve blocks

A

posterior triangle of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The accessory nerve pierces the ____ muscle before coursing along the deep surface of the ___ muscle.

note: it innervates both of these muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid; trapezius

28
Q

Where does the accessory nerve have the highest incidence of iatrogenic injury?

A

between sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

29
Q

Most of the attachments of the superficial back muscles are on the ___

A

scapula

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle?

A

origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7-T12
insertion: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, and the acromion process and spine of scapula

31
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

elevation, depression, retraction, upward rotation of scapula, and extension of the neck/head

32
Q

What innervates the trapezius?

A

accessory nerve is motor; anterior rami of C3-C4 are sensory

33
Q

The ___ ___ is the largest of the superficial muscles, a broad triangular muscle with its apex on the humerus. The superior portion of this muscle is deep to the trapezius

A

latissimus dorsi

34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

origin: spinous processes of T7-T12, ribs 9-12, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliac crest
insertion: the floor of the intertubercular sulcus on the anterior humerus

35
Q

What innervates the lattisiums dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

36
Q

What are the actions of lattisimus dorsi?

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

37
Q

This muscle is a strap muscle found deep to the trapezius. It elevates and downward rotates the scapula, and laterally flexes the neck

A

levator scapulae

38
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

superiorly on the transverse process of vertebrae C1-C4. Inferiorly, onto the superior angle of the scapula

39
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular never

40
Q

These two muscles are rhombus-shaped, divided into two parts, deep to the trapezius and immediately inferior to the levator scapulae. They act to retract and downward rotate the scapula

A

rhomboid major/minor

41
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid major/minor?

A

Origin: the nuchal and supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes of T12 to T5 (rhomboid major) and C7 to T2 (rhomboid minor)

insertion: the medial border of the scapula

42
Q

What innervates rhomboid major/minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

43
Q

The following is a thin sheet of muscle located deep to the rhomboids which acts to elevate the ribs 2-5 as well as providing sensory information

A

serratus posterior superior

44
Q

What is the origin and insertion of serratus posterior superior?

A

origin: the nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3
insertion: ribs 2-5

45
Q

What innervates the serratus posterior superior?

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves T2-T5 (intercostal nerves)

46
Q

The following is a thin sheet of muscle located deep to the latissimus dorsi that acts to depress the ribs 9-12 as wells as provide sensory information

A

serratus posterior inferior

47
Q

What is the origin and insertion of serratus posterior inferior?

A

origin: spinous processes of T11-12
insertion: ribs 9-12

48
Q

What innervates the serratus posterior inferior?

A

intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve

49
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the back is via posterior rami of spinal nerves ___ to ___

A

C4; L3

50
Q

____ branches of the posterior rami enter the superficial fascia near the median plane. These branches cover an area from cervical to mid-thoracic

A

medial

51
Q

____ branches of the posterior rami enter the superficial fascia lateral to the thoracolumbar fascia to supply the lower thoracic & lumbar regions

A

lateral

52
Q

each spinal nerve receives cutaneous sensation from a strip of skin. This coverage area is called a ____

A

dermatome

53
Q

superficial back muscles receive blood supply which usually arises from branches of the ____ artery or ____ artery

A

subclavian; axillary

54
Q

The ___ ___ artery is a branch off of the subclavian artery

A

transverse cervical

55
Q

the transverse cervical artery has divides into a deep branch which runs deep to the levator scapulae and rhomboids along the medial border of the scapula. What is the name of this branch when it originates directly from the subclavian artery?

A

dorsal scapular artery

56
Q

Where is the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery located?

A

deep surface of the trapezius

57
Q

The thoracodorsal artery is a branch off of the ___ artery; it passes through the axilla to the deep surface of the latissimus dorsi

A

axillary

58
Q

The posterior intercostal arteries branch from the ___ ___ and proceed along the thoracic wall within the intercostal spaces

A

descending aorta

59
Q 
Give the arterial supply to each of the following back muscles:
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboid mm.
latissimus dorsi
serratus posterior mm.
A

trapezius: superficial branch of transverse cervical a.
levator scapulae: dorsal scapular a. or deep branch of transverse cervical a.
rhomboid mm.: dorsal scapular a. or deep branch of transverse cervical a.
latissimus dorsi: thoracodorsal a.
serratus posterior mm.: posterior intercostal aa.

60
Q

skin, superficial fascia and deep back muscles receive blood from regional aa. Which aa. supply most of the posterior thorax? Which aa. supply the inferior thorax?

A

superior thorax: posterior intercostal aa.

inferior thorax: lumbar or gluteal aa.

61
Q

Venous drainage of back muscles is mostly via tributaries to the intercostal veins, which are tributaries of the _____ or ____ veins.

A

brachiocephalic; azygous

62
Q

Additional venous drainage is via regional veins superiorly or inferiorly which subsequently drain to the inferior ___ ___ or superior ___ ___

A

vena cava; vena cava

63
Q

True or false? the triangle of auscultation is the area of the back where the thoracic wall is the thickest, providing inadequate ability to hear the lungs

A

false; thinnest - provides best potential to hear lungs

64
Q

What are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?

A

medial: inferior margin of trapezius
inferior: superior margin of latissimus dorsi
lateral: medial border of scapula
floor: 6th and 7th ribs and the external intercostal within the 6th intercostal space

65
Q

The dimensions of the triangle of auscultation are dependent on the position of the ___

A

scapula

Anatomy (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions