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Anatomy > Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

The deep fascia of the thigh is called what?

A

fascia lata

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2
Q

Laterally, in the thigh, there is a thickening of the fascia lata called the ____ tract, which extends from the iliac tubercle to the patella and proximal tibia

A

iliotibial

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3
Q

What is the main action of the anterior compartment?

A

extension of the leg at knee joint; flexion of thigh at hip joint

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment?

A

femoral artery and perforating branches of the deep artery of the thigh

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6
Q

What is the main action, innervation, and blood supply of the medial compartment?

A

main action: adduction of the thigh
innervation: obturator nerve
blood supply: obturator artery

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7
Q

What is the main action, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior compartment?

A

main action: flexion of leg at knee joint; extension of thigh at hip joint
innervation: sciatic nerve
blood supply: deep artery of the thigh

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8
Q

This muscle is the largest muscle on the anterior thigh. Its four-headed whose heads arise from different origins on the hip and thigh, but insert in a common quadriceps tendon on the tibial tuberosity

A

quadriceps femoris

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9
Q

What is the action and innervation of quadriceps femoris?

A

main extensor of leg; innervated by femoral nerve (L2-4)

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10
Q

Which is the most superficial of the quadriceps muscles, and the only one to have an attachment to the ilium?

A

rectus femoris

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11
Q

What is the origin and action of rectus femurs?

A

origin: ASIS and a groove above acetabulum
action: flexion of thigh at hip, extension of leg at knee

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12
Q

Which is the largest and most lateral of the quadriceps muscles?

A

vastus lateralis

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13
Q

What is the origin of vastus lateralis?

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

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14
Q

What are the origins of vastus medialis and vastus intermedius?

A

vastus medialis: medial lip of the linea aspera, medial part of the intertrochanteric line
vastus intermedius: anterior surface of the shaft of the femur proximally

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15
Q

This is a long thin muscle that wraps obliquely around the anterior aspect of the thigh. It lies within its own fascial sheath within the anterior compartment.

A

sartorius

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16
Q

The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body. True or false?

A

true

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17
Q

The sartorius forms the inferior border of the ____ triangle

A

femoral

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of sartorius?

A

origin: ASIS
insertion: superior medial tibia by the pes anserinus tendon
action: flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of thigh at hip; flexion of leg at knee (crossing legs)
innervation: femoral nerve (L2-L3)

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19
Q

This muscle is formed by the convergence of two muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, posts major and iliacus. They joint together to form a thick tendon that inserts in the anterior thigh

A

iliopsoas

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20
Q

What is Psoas major’s origin and innervation?

A

origin: transverse processes, intervertebral joints, and adjoining bodies of TXII to LV
innervation: direct vental rami of L2-L3

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21
Q

What is the origin and innervation of iliacus?

A

origin: iliac fossa
innervation: femoral nerve

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22
Q

What is the insertion and action of Iliopsoas?

A

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
action: flexion of thigh at hip joint

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23
Q

The femoral nerve origin is from the ____ plexus on the on the posterior abdominal wall and enters the femoral triangle by pushing under the ____ ligament.

A

lumbar (L2-L4); inguinal

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24
Q

The inguinal ligament runs from the ___ tubercle to the ASIS

A

pubic

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25
Q

The femoral nerve supplies what two muscles before entering into femoral triangle?

A

iliacus and pectineus muscles

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26
Q

The femoral nerve divides into anterior and posterior branches to supply skin on the anterior of the thigh and knee via ___ ____ branches an skin on the medial side of the leg and foot via the ____ ___ nerve

A

anterior cutaneous; saphenous

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27
Q

This is the most medial muscle of the medial compartment of the thigh. It is long and slender

A

gracilis

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28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of gracilis?

A

origin: body and inferior rams of pubis proximally
insertion: superior medial tibia by the peso anserinus tendon distally
action: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the thigh, flexion of the knee
innervation: obturator nerve (L2-L3)

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29
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of pectineus?

A

origin: pectineal line of the pubis
insertion: pectineal line of the femur
action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
innervation: femoral nerve (L2-L3), may receive a branch from obturator nerve

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30
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of adductor longus?

A

origin: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
insertion: middle third of the linea aspera of the femur distally
action: adducts thigh
innervation: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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31
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of adductor brevis?

A

origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
action: adducts thigh
innervation: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4)

32
Q

The adductor magnus is the most ____ of the adductor muscles. It has two parts, an ischiopubic or ____ part and an ischial tuberosity or ____ part.

A

posterior; adductor; hamstrings

33
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the adductor part of adductor magnus?

A

origin: inferior ramus of pubis and ischium proximally
insertion: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, proximally and medial supracondylar line of femur distally
action: adduction of thigh, assists in flexion of thigh
innervation: posterior division of the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

34
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the ischial tuberosity part of the adductor magnus?

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: adductor tubercle of the femur
action: assits in extension of the thigh
innervation: tibial part of the sciatic nerve (L4)

35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation, and blood supply of obturator externus?

A

origin: obturator membrane and margins of the obturator foramen
insertion: trochanteric fossa
action: laterally rotates thigh and stabilizes the head of the femur within the acetabulum
innervation: obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Blood supply: obturator artery

36
Q

The obturator nerve origin is from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4). It descends in the ___ muscle, travels on the lateral ___ wall, and enters into the ___ compartment of the thigh by the obturator foramen

A

psoas; pelvic; medial

37
Q

The ___ branch of the obturator nerve supplies the gracilis, adductor longus, and adductor braves muscles. It also supplies cutaneous branches to the skin of the medial thigh.

A

anterior

38
Q

The ____ branch of the obturator nerve supplies the obturator externus, a portion of the adductor brevis, and adductor magnus muscles

A

posterior

39
Q

Lateral Retroperitoneal Transpsoas Interbody Lumbar Fusion. What is unique about this surgery?

A

can get access to the lumbar intervertebral disc space without having to dissect the back musculature

40
Q

The femoral triangle is visible when?

A

the thigh is flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated

41
Q 
Give the boundaries of the femoral triangle
base
medial
lateral
apex
floor
roof
A

base: inguinal ligament
medial: adductor longus
lateral: sartorius
apex: where sartorius crosses the adductor magnus
floor: iliopsoas and pectineus
roof: cribiform fascia and fascia lata, and skin

42
Q

The base of the femoral triangle is connected to the _____ cavity deep to the inguinal ligament between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle

A

abdominopelvic

43
Q

The femoral triangle itself is segregated, with some structures enclosed proximally by a ____ ____

A

femoral sheath

44
Q

The femoral sheath ends at the base of the femoral triangle as the ___ ___, which opens into the subinguinal space

A

femoral ring

45
Q

A femoral hernia is a herniation of the intestines though the ____ ____ and out the ____ opening

A

femoral ring; saphenous

46
Q

The femoral artery and vein continue into the ____ canal after passing through the ___ of the femoral triangle

A

adductor; apex

47
Q

The great saphenous vein joins the femoral vein after passing through the ____ opening of the fascia lata within the femoral triangle

A

saphenous

48
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle nemonic

A

NAVL (from lateral to medial)

49
Q

The femoral nerve is the nerve is the most lateral structure of the femoral triangle and is enclosed within the femoral sheath. True or false?

A

false, the femoral nerve is most lateral but it is not enclosed in femoral sheath

50
Q

Medial to the femoral nerve is the femoral sheath and its contents. The femoral artery is the continuation of the ___ ___ artery after it passes deep to the inguinal ligament.

A

external iliac

51
Q

The femoral vein is medial to the femoral artery. This will continue as the ____ ___ vein after it passes deep to the inguinal ligament

A

external iliac

52
Q

The femoral canal which contains a ___ ____ lymph node is medial to the femoral vein

A

deep inguinal

53
Q

A femoral hernia is a protrusion of abdominal viscera into the ____ ____

A

femoral canal

54
Q

Femoral hernias are 4 to 5 X more common in ___ than in ___

A

females; males

55
Q

this is an inter muscular canal through the middle 1/3 of the thigh between the anterior and medial compartments

A

adductor canal

56
Q

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal
anterior and lateral
medial border/roof
posterior border

A

anterior and lateral border is formed by the vastus medalis

medial border/roof is formed by sartorius

posterior border is formed by the adductor longus, adductor magnus

57
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

58
Q

The contents of the adductor canal pass through the adductor ____ in the adductor magnus to enter into the ____ fossa behind the knee

A

hiatus; popliteal

59
Q

The adductor canal begins at the ____ of the femoral triangle, where vessels and nerves enter. Distally the canal ends at the popliteal fossa, as the vessels enter the popliteal fossa, they change names again to become the ____ vessels

A

apex; popliteal

60
Q

What is the lateral branch of the femoral artery just inferior to the inguinal ligament?

A

superficial circumflex iliac artery

61
Q

What is the medial branch of the femoral artery just inferior to the inguinal ligament?

A

superficial epigastric artery

62
Q

What is the medial branch of the femoral artery just inferior to the superficial epigastric?

A

superficial external pudendal artery

63
Q

What is the medial branch of the femoral artery just inferior to the superficial external pudendal?

A

deep external pudendal artery

64
Q

This is the largest major branch from the femoral artery in the thigh. It passes posterior between the pectinous and adductor longus muscles. It supplies most of the blood to the posterior and lateral thigh and gies off several branches.

A

deep artery of thigh (profunda femoris)

65
Q

This branch off the deep artery of thigh passes deep to the sartorius and rectus femurs an divides into three terminal branches.

A

lateral circumflex femoral artery

66
Q

The lateral circumflex femoral artery divides into three terminal branches. Give each branch and anastomoses

A

ascending branch anastomoses with the MCF around the neck of femur
transverse branch anastomoses around the proximal shaft of the femur to form the cruciate anastomosis
descending branch anastomoses at the knee

67
Q

What makes up the cruciate anastomosis from the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery?

A

inferior gluteal, medial circumflex femoral, and 1st perforating

68
Q

The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is the principal blood supply to the ____ area and the inferior part of the ___ of the femur

A

trochanteric; neck

69
Q

This branch from the deep artery of the thigh supplies the majority of the head and neck of the femur posteriorly

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

70
Q

Give the branches and the anastomoses/route of the medial circumflex femoral artery which is a branch from the deep artery of the thigh

A

1) small branch anastomoses with the acetabular branch of the obturator artery
2) superficial branch which travels between the pectinous and adductor longus muscles
3) ascending branch which goes to the adductor braves, adductor magnus and obturator externes
4) transverse or descending branch travels between the quadrates femurs and adductor magnus and takes part in the cruciate anastomosis
5) deep branch which runs toward the interotrochanteric crest to the head of the femur

71
Q

These branches of the deep artery of the thigh supply blood to the muscles of the posterior and lateral thigh. They originate superior, anterior, and inferior to the adductor braves muscle, and penetrate the adductor magnus to run the posterior compartment

A

three perforating branches

72
Q

This is the last medial branch of the femoral artery just above the knee. It gives off a saphenous branch to the medial knee and an articular branch to the anterior knee.

A

descending genicular artery

73
Q

This artery originates as a branch of the internal iliac artery in the pelvic cavity and enters the medial compartment of the thigh through the obturator canal

A

obturator artery

74
Q

The obturator artery bifurcates into anterior an posterior branches supplying adjacent muscles, and anastomoses with what arteries?

A

inferior gluteal and medial circumflex femoral artery

75
Q

The obturator artery also gives off an acetabular branch to supply the ___ of the head of the femur

A

fovea

Anatomy (44 decks)

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