Skull

Question 1

The cranium is formed by how many bones?

Answer 1

22

Question 2

The neurocranium consists of the dome-shaped ___ (skullcap) and the basal plate called ___.

Answer 2

calvaria; basicranium

Question 3

Viscerocranium is formed from the skeleton of the ___ ___

Answer 3

pharyngeal arches

Question 4

The neurocranium is mainly derived from ossified ___ from the neural crest

Answer 4

mesenchyme

Question 5

Skull bones are mostly formed through ____ ossification

Answer 5

membranous

Question 6

Bones forming the calvaria consist of the outer layers of dense bone with the spongy bone sandwiched in between the dense cortical bone. The spongy bone is known as what? What does it contain?

Answer 6

diploe; contains large venous channels that communicate with veins of the scalp and venous channels inside the skull

Question 7

The bones of the skull are connected by fibrous interlocking ___ but during childhood some basicranial bones such as occipital and sphenoid are connected by ____

Answer 7

sutures; cartilage

Question 8

This is the point on the cranium where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet

Answer 8

naison

Question 9

This is a smooth prominence most marked in males; on frontal bones superior to root of nose between eyebrows

Answer 9

glabella

Question 10

this is the point on calvaria at the junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

Answer 10

bregma

Question 11

this is the superior point of neurocranium, in middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane

Answer 11

vertex

Question 12

this is the point on calvaria at junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

Answer 12

lambda

Question 13

this is the junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal bones

Answer 13

pterion

Question 14

this is star-shaped; located at junction of three sutures: pariestomastoid, occipitomastoid, and lambdoid

Answer 14

asterion

Question 15

this is the most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

Answer 15

inion

Question 16

_____ are “soft spots” on head present in neonates and are clinically important

Answer 16

fontanelles

Question 17

The large flat squamous part of this bone forms the skeleton of the forehead

Answer 17

frontal bone

Question 18

____ form the upper jaw. The two bones are united at the inter maxillary suture

Answer 18

maxillae

Question 19

These bones (both sides) form the prominence of the cheeks and articulate superiorly with the frontal bones, inferiorly with the maxillae, and posteriorly with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Answer 19

zygomatic bones

Question 20

The orbital part of the ___ bone forms the roof of the orbit. The orbital process of the ___ bone forms the floor of the orbit.

Answer 20

frontal; maxillary

Question 21

Maxillae form most of the ____ aperture, which serves as an opening for the nasal cavity. The aperture is divided into two halves by the ___ ___.

Answer 21

piriform; nasal septum

Question 22

The nasal septum is formed by the ___ ___ of the maxillae

Answer 22

nasal crests

Question 23

On the lateral side of the nasal cavity are curved bony plates called what?

Answer 23

nasal conchae

Question 24

The maxillary sinus is a large pyramid-shaped space in the maxillary bone that drains into the ___ ___ of the nose

Answer 24

middle meatus

Question 25

___ bones form the superior border of the piriform aperture

Answer 25

nasal

Question 26

___ bones form the medial wall of the orbit

Answer 26

lacrimal

Question 27

The alveolar process on the body of the mandible contains the mandibular ____

Answer 27

teeth

Question 28

In regards to the body of the mandible, the mental foramina for the mental nerves and vessels are located inferior to what?

Answer 28

the second premolar teeth

Question 29

The rams of the mandible (vertical part) has two processes, the condylar and coronoid separated by the ___ ___. Below this on the medial side of the ramus is the mandibular foramen which leads into the mandibular canal that contains the ___ ___ nerve.

Answer 29

mandibular notch; inferior alveolar

Question 30

The ___ process forms the condyle for the articulation with the temporal bone through the TMJ

Answer 30

condylar

Question 31

The ____ process serves for the attachment of the temporalis muscle

Answer 31

coronoid

Question 32

The medial wall of the orbit is formed by 4 bones. What are they?

Answer 32

orbital plate of ethmoid bone, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal, and sphenoid bones

Question 33

The lateral wall of the orbit is formed anteriorly by the ____ bone and posteriorly by the ____ bone

Answer 33

zygomatic; sphenoid

Question 34

This is a horizontal fracture of the maxillae, passing superior to the maxillary alveolar process, crossing the bony nasal septum

Answer 34

Le Fort I

Question 35

This fracture passes obliquely from the posterolateral parts of the maxillary sinuses superomedially through the infra-orbital foramina, lacrimals, or ethmoids to the bridge of the nose.

Answer 35

Le Fort 2 note: as a result, the entire central part of the face, including the hard palate and alveolar processes, is separated from the rest of the cranium

Question 36

This is a horizontal fracture that passes through the orbit and the nasal bones and extends laterally though the greater wings of the sphenoid and the frontozygomatic sutures

Answer 36

Le Fort III note: concurrent fracturing of the zygomatic arches causes the maxillae and zygomatic bones to separate from the rest of the cranium

Question 37

In the lateral view, the calvaria are formed by the ___, ___, and ___ bones

Answer 37

frontal; parietal; and occipital

Question 38

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones through the ___ suture

Answer 38

coronal

Question 39

The parietal bones articulate with each other through the ___ suture, whose junction with the coronal suture is the ____

Answer 39

sagittal; bregma

Question 40

Parietal bones articulate with the occipital bone though the ____ suture, whose junction with the sagittal suture is the ____

Answer 40

lambdoid; lambda

Question 41

In regards to the temporal bone, the ___ process projects laterally and anteriorly. It articulates with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch

Answer 41

zygomatic

Question 42

In regards to the temporal bone, this part forms the external acoustic meatus, which opens laterally

Answer 42

tympanic part

Question 43

In regards to the temporal bone, this part forms a large ventral projection, the mastoid process, which serves for the attachment of important musculature including the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 43

mastoid part

Question 44

In regards to the temporal bone, this sharp needle-like ventral projection serves for the attachment of musculature and ligaments

Answer 44

styloid process

Question 45

The scams part of the occipital bone forms most of the ____

Answer 45

ociput

Question 46

The junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures is the ___

Answer 46

bregma

Question 47

The ___ ___ is formed by the palatine process of the maxillae anteriorly and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly. Its posterior boundary is formed by the ___, or the posterior nasal apertures

Answer 47

hard palate; choanae

Question 48

The incisive foramina are located in the incisive fossa and allow communication between what?

Answer 48

the hard palate and nasal cavity

Question 49

The greater and lesser palatine foramina allow for the passage of what?

Answer 49

the descending palatine artery and vein and greater and lesser palatine nerves into the oral cavity

Question 50

This bone forms the posteroinferior aspect of the bony nasal septum

Answer 50

vomer

Question 51

This bone is an irregular, unpaired bone that consists of a body and three pairs of processes: greater wings, lesser wings, and ptrerygoid processes.

Answer 51

sphenoid

Question 52

In regards to the sphenoid, this is large and found posteriolateral to the ptyerygoid process. Its for the passage of CN V3 (mandibular nerve), lesser petrosal nerve, and accessory meningeal artery

Answer 52

Foramen ovale

Question 53

In regards to the sphenoid, this is found posteriolateral to the f. ovale and serves as the passage for the MMA

Answer 53

foramen spinosum

Question 54

The petrous part of the temporal bone is wedged between the ___ and ___ bones

Answer 54

sphenoid; occipital note: at the medial point of junction of these three bones is an irregular opening, which in life is filled with cartilage, called foramen lacerum

Question 55

The groove for the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube lies between what?

Answer 55

the sphenoid and petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 56

this is a notch between the petrous portion and the basilar part of the occipital. Cranial nerves CN IX, CN X, CN XI, as well as the internal jugular vein pass through it

Answer 56

jugular foramen

Question 57

The mandibular fossa is located within the ventral part of the ___ portion of the temporal bone

Answer 57

squamos

Question 58

This is located posterior to the base of the styloid process and allows for the passage of the facial nerve and sylomastoid artery

Answer 58

sylomastoid foramen

Question 59

The most prominent feature of the occipital bone is the ___ ___, which is the largest foramen in the skull, for spinal cord with accompanying structures

Answer 59

foramen magnum

Question 60

This part of the occipital bone forms the anterior border of the formate magnum

Answer 60

basilar part

Question 61

The lateral parts of the occipital bone form prominent occipital condyles for articulation with the ___

Answer 61

atlas