Face and Scalp

Question 1

All the muscles of facial expression are innervated by the ___ nerve, which is derived from the ___ pharyngeal arch

Answer 1

facial; 2nd

Question 2

This muscle of facial expression encircles the eye and functions to close eyelids

Answer 2

orbicularis oculi

Question 3

This muscle of facial expression is deep to the eyebrows, and draws the eyebrows to the midline

Answer 3

corrugator supercilii

Question 4

This muscle of facial expression is at the root of the nose and is active when a person frowns

Answer 4

procerus

Question 5

This muscle of facial expression is the largest of the three nasal group muscles. It consists of two parts: a transverse and alar part

Answer 5

nasalis

Question 6

This muscle of facial expression assists in widening the nares

Answer 6

depressor septi nasi

Question 7

This muscle of facial expression encircles the mouth and is active in pursing the lips, narrowing the mouth, and closing the lips

Answer 7

orbicularis oris

Question 8

This is the muscular portion of the cheek, deep to the other muscles of facial expression. It’s active in pressing the cheeks against the teeth

Answer 8

buccinator

Question 9

This muscle of facial expression (oral - lower group) is the depressor of the lower lip

Answer 9

depressor labii inferioris

Question 10

This muscle of facial expression (oral - lower group) is the depressor of the angle of the mouth

Answer 10

depressor anguli oris

Question 11

This muscle of facial expression (oral - lower group) is the deepest of the lower group of oral muscles and positions the lip during drinking or pouting

Answer 11

mentalis

Question 12

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) is active in grinning, extends the corner of the mouth laterally

Answer 12

Risorius

Question 13

This muscle(s) of facial expression (oral -upper group) has an origin from the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone and is active in smiling

Answer 13

Zgomaticus major and minor

Question 14

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) raises the angle of the mouth, and is the deepest of the upper group of oral muscles

Answer 14

levator anguli oris

Question 15

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) raises the upper lip, and deepens the furrow between the nose

Answer 15

levator labii superioris

Question 16

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) is a lifter of the upper lip and the wing of the nose - flaring of nostrils

Answer 16

levator labii superioris alaque nasi

Question 17

This muscle of facial expression is a large thin sheet found in the superficial fascia of the neck, origin is just below the clavicle to arise to the mandible, action: tenses the skin of the neck, and can depress the lower lip and corner of the mouth

Answer 17

platysma

Question 18

This muscle of facial expression is on the forehead and inserts into galea aponeurotica. Its action is to move the scalp and wrinkle the forehead

Answer 18

occipitofrontalis

Question 19

There are three auricular muscles: anterior, superior, and posterior. Give the action of each one.

Answer 19

anterior: elevates and moves the ear forward
superior: elevates the ear
posterior: retracts and elevates the ear

Question 20

The part of the facial nerve that innervates the muscles of facial expression leaves the posterior cranial fossa through the internal auditory meatus and then exits the skull by the ____ foramen

Answer 20

stylomastoid

Question 21

After leaving the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve enters the substance of the ___ gland and forms a plexus

Answer 21

parotid

Question 22

Name the branches from the plexus formed by the facial nerve and what they innervate

hint: A Tiny Zebra Bit My Cheek

Answer 22

posterior Auricular - posterior auricular muscle and occipitofrontalis

Temporal branch - orbicularis oculi

Zygomatic branch - levator labii superioris

Buccal branch - buccinator

Mandibular branch - orbicularis oris

Cervical branch - platysma

Question 23

Another branch from the facial nerve is the nerve to stylohyoid which also innervates the ___ belly of ____

Answer 23

posterior digastric

Question 24

The facial nerve gives a sensory branch via the ___ ____ nerve which is involved in taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 24

chorda tympani

Question 25

The facial nerve has a parasympathetic branch to what glands?

Answer 25

the lacrimal gland, mucosal glands of the nasal and oral cavities

Question 26

Damage to the facial nerve on one side will result in paralysis of the muscles of the face on that side. This is called what?

Answer 26

Bell's Palsy

Question 27

The trigeminal nerve is a cranial nerve in front of the ear, from top of head to middle of mandible. What is it involved in?

Answer 27

sensory innervation

Question 28

The trigeminal nerve has a small motor and a large sensory compartment and is derived from the __ pharyngeal arch

Answer 28

first

Question 29

Neurons of the motor fibers from the trigeminal nerve are inside the ___

Answer 29

pons

Question 30

Neurons of the sensory fibers from the trigeminal nerve are outside of the brain, although inside the cranial cavity. It is called the ___ ganglion

Answer 30

trigeminal (or semilunar)

Question 31

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the supraorbital branch innervate?

Answer 31

most of the skin over forehead and anterior scalp

Question 32

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the supratrochlear branch innervate?

Answer 32

medial region of forehead

Question 33

What are the three main branches of the Ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 33

frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary nerves

Question 34

The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves are branches of the ___ nerve (one of main branches of ophthalmic division)

Answer 34

frontal

Question 35

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the infratrochlear branch innervate?

Answer 35

medial side of eyelids, side and bridge of nose

Question 36

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the lacrimal branch innervate?

Answer 36

lateral part of upper eyelid

Question 37

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the external nasal branch innervate?

Answer 37

anterior portion of the nose

Question 38

The infratrochlear and anterior ethmoidal nerve are branches of the ____ nerve (one of the main branches of the ophthalmic division)

Answer 38

nasociliary

Question 39

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its maxillary division (V2) what area does the infraorbital branch innervate?

Answer 39

from medial side of lower eyelid, side of nose, cheek, upper lip

Question 40

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its maxillary division (V2) what area does the zygotmaticofacial branch innervate?

Answer 40

from lateral corner of eyelids

Question 41

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its maxillary division (V2) what area does the zygomaticotemporal branch innervate?

Answer 41

from anterior part of scalp around temple

Question 42

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its mandibular division (V3) what area does the mental branch innervate?

Answer 42

chin and lower lip to angle of mouth - continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve

Question 43

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its mandibular division (V3) what area does the auriculotemporal branch innervate?

Answer 43

anterior part of hear, meatus, tympanic membrane, most of scalp in temple area

Question 44

Trigeminal neuralgia mostly affects the ___ division, then the ____ division, and least likely, the ____ divison

Answer 44

maxillary; mandibular; ophthalmic

Question 45

Most of the arterial supply to the face is branches from which artery?

Answer 45

ECA

Question 46

``` The following branches are from which artery?: inferior labial branch superior labial branch angular branch lateral nasal branch ```

Answer 46

facial artery - from the ECA

Question 47

The superficial temporal artery is a branch from the ECA. It enters the temporal fossa giving off the ___ ___ artery

Answer 47

transverse facial

Question 48

This artery is a branch off of the ECA. It gives off the infraorbital artery, buccal artery, and mental artery.

Answer 48

maxillary artery

Question 49

The ophthalmic artery is a branch off of what?

Answer 49

ICA

Question 50

What are the branches from the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 50

lacrimal artery, dorsal nasal artery, supraorbital artery, supratrochlear artery

Question 51

The supraorbital and supratrochlear veins are branches of the ___ vein. They communicate with the ____ veins (which communicates with the cavernous sinus)

Answer 51

angular; ophthalmic

Question 52

The transverse facial vein accompanies the transverse facial artery to drain into the ___ ___ vein

Answer 52

suprficial temporal

Question 53

The superficial temporal vein unites with the ___ vein to form the ____ vein

Answer 53

maxillary; retromandibular

Question 54

The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein will unite with the ___ ____ vein to form the ___ ___ vein

Answer 54

posterior auricular; external jugular

Question 55

In regards to clinical correlations with veins in the face, where is the triangle of danger?

Answer 55

between root of the nose and corners of the mouth - never squeeze pimples here; infection can be pushed into brain

Question 56

Why do relatively small cuts bleed a lot on the scalp?

Answer 56

because the CT is thick, it tends to keep veins open to prevent collapse

Question 57

Veins of the scalp are in direct communication with ___ veins and through these veins with veins of the brain

Answer 57

diploic

Question 58

What is the composition of the scalp? neumonic is SCALP (lol)

Answer 58

``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis of occiptofrontalis muscle Loose ct Periosteum ```

Question 59

Sensory innervation of the scalp comes from two sources: a cranial nerve and 4 spinal nerves. Name them

Answer 59

CN: trigeminal (V1, V2, and V3) | spinal nerves: Great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, greater occipital nerve, third occipital nerve

Question 60

The great auricular nerve is from the ventral rami of ___-___ and supplies the skin where?

Answer 60

C2-C3; in front of ear

Question 61

The lesser occipital nerve is from the ventral rami of ___-___ and supplies the skin where?

Answer 61

C2-C3; behind ear

Question 62

The greater occipital nerve is from the dorsal ramus of ___ and innervates the what part of the scalp?

Answer 62

C2; posterior part of scalp to the level of the interauricular line

Question 63

The third occipital nerve is from the dorsal ramus of ___ and innervates what area of the scalp?

Answer 63

C3; small area medial to the greater occipital nerve

Question 64

The occipital vein drains the posterior aspect of the scalp and empties into the ____ plexus, which then drains in two direction, the ___ ___ vein and the ____ ___ plexus

Answer 64

suboccipital; deep cervical; vertebral venous