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Anatomy > Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

All the muscles of facial expression are innervated by the ___ nerve, which is derived from the ___ pharyngeal arch

A

facial; 2nd

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2
Q

This muscle of facial expression encircles the eye and functions to close eyelids

A

orbicularis oculi

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3
Q

This muscle of facial expression is deep to the eyebrows, and draws the eyebrows to the midline

A

corrugator supercilii

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4
Q

This muscle of facial expression is at the root of the nose and is active when a person frowns

A

procerus

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5
Q

This muscle of facial expression is the largest of the three nasal group muscles. It consists of two parts: a transverse and alar part

A

nasalis

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6
Q

This muscle of facial expression assists in widening the nares

A

depressor septi nasi

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7
Q

This muscle of facial expression encircles the mouth and is active in pursing the lips, narrowing the mouth, and closing the lips

A

orbicularis oris

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8
Q

This is the muscular portion of the cheek, deep to the other muscles of facial expression. It’s active in pressing the cheeks against the teeth

A

buccinator

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9
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral - lower group) is the depressor of the lower lip

A

depressor labii inferioris

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10
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral - lower group) is the depressor of the angle of the mouth

A

depressor anguli oris

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11
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral - lower group) is the deepest of the lower group of oral muscles and positions the lip during drinking or pouting

A

mentalis

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12
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) is active in grinning, extends the corner of the mouth laterally

A

Risorius

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13
Q

This muscle(s) of facial expression (oral -upper group) has an origin from the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone and is active in smiling

A

Zgomaticus major and minor

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14
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) raises the angle of the mouth, and is the deepest of the upper group of oral muscles

A

levator anguli oris

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15
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) raises the upper lip, and deepens the furrow between the nose

A

levator labii superioris

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16
Q

This muscle of facial expression (oral -upper group) is a lifter of the upper lip and the wing of the nose - flaring of nostrils

A

levator labii superioris alaque nasi

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17
Q

This muscle of facial expression is a large thin sheet found in the superficial fascia of the neck, origin is just below the clavicle to arise to the mandible, action: tenses the skin of the neck, and can depress the lower lip and corner of the mouth

A

platysma

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18
Q

This muscle of facial expression is on the forehead and inserts into galea aponeurotica. Its action is to move the scalp and wrinkle the forehead

A

occipitofrontalis

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19
Q

There are three auricular muscles: anterior, superior, and posterior. Give the action of each one.

A

anterior: elevates and moves the ear forward
superior: elevates the ear
posterior: retracts and elevates the ear

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20
Q

The part of the facial nerve that innervates the muscles of facial expression leaves the posterior cranial fossa through the internal auditory meatus and then exits the skull by the ____ foramen

A

stylomastoid

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21
Q

After leaving the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve enters the substance of the ___ gland and forms a plexus

A

parotid

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22
Q

Name the branches from the plexus formed by the facial nerve and what they innervate

hint: A Tiny Zebra Bit My Cheek

A

posterior Auricular - posterior auricular muscle and occipitofrontalis

Temporal branch - orbicularis oculi

Zygomatic branch - levator labii superioris

Buccal branch - buccinator

Mandibular branch - orbicularis oris

Cervical branch - platysma

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23
Q

Another branch from the facial nerve is the nerve to stylohyoid which also innervates the ___ belly of ____

A

posterior digastric

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24
Q

The facial nerve gives a sensory branch via the ___ ____ nerve which is involved in taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

chorda tympani

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25
Q

The facial nerve has a parasympathetic branch to what glands?

A

the lacrimal gland, mucosal glands of the nasal and oral cavities

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26
Q

Damage to the facial nerve on one side will result in paralysis of the muscles of the face on that side. This is called what?

A

Bell’s Palsy

27
Q

The trigeminal nerve is a cranial nerve in front of the ear, from top of head to middle of mandible. What is it involved in?

A

sensory innervation

28
Q

The trigeminal nerve has a small motor and a large sensory compartment and is derived from the __ pharyngeal arch

29
Q

Neurons of the motor fibers from the trigeminal nerve are inside the ___

30
Q

Neurons of the sensory fibers from the trigeminal nerve are outside of the brain, although inside the cranial cavity. It is called the ___ ganglion

A

trigeminal (or semilunar)

31
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the supraorbital branch innervate?

A

most of the skin over forehead and anterior scalp

32
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the supratrochlear branch innervate?

A

medial region of forehead

33
Q

What are the three main branches of the Ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve?

A

frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary nerves

34
Q

The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves are branches of the ___ nerve (one of main branches of ophthalmic division)

35
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the infratrochlear branch innervate?

A

medial side of eyelids, side and bridge of nose

36
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the lacrimal branch innervate?

A

lateral part of upper eyelid

37
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division (V1) what area does the external nasal branch innervate?

A

anterior portion of the nose

38
Q

The infratrochlear and anterior ethmoidal nerve are branches of the ____ nerve (one of the main branches of the ophthalmic division)

A

nasociliary

39
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its maxillary division (V2) what area does the infraorbital branch innervate?

A

from medial side of lower eyelid, side of nose, cheek, upper lip

40
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its maxillary division (V2) what area does the zygotmaticofacial branch innervate?

A

from lateral corner of eyelids

41
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its maxillary division (V2) what area does the zygomaticotemporal branch innervate?

A

from anterior part of scalp around temple

42
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its mandibular division (V3) what area does the mental branch innervate?

A

chin and lower lip to angle of mouth - continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve

43
Q

In regards to the trigeminal nerve and its mandibular division (V3) what area does the auriculotemporal branch innervate?

A

anterior part of hear, meatus, tympanic membrane, most of scalp in temple area

44
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia mostly affects the ___ division, then the ____ division, and least likely, the ____ divison

A

maxillary; mandibular; ophthalmic

45
Q

Most of the arterial supply to the face is branches from which artery?

46
Q 
The following branches are from which artery?:
inferior labial branch
superior labial branch
angular branch
lateral nasal branch
A

facial artery - from the ECA

47
Q

The superficial temporal artery is a branch from the ECA. It enters the temporal fossa giving off the ___ ___ artery

A

transverse facial

48
Q

This artery is a branch off of the ECA. It gives off the infraorbital artery, buccal artery, and mental artery.

A

maxillary artery

49
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a branch off of what?

50
Q

What are the branches from the ophthalmic artery?

A

lacrimal artery, dorsal nasal artery, supraorbital artery, supratrochlear artery

51
Q

The supraorbital and supratrochlear veins are branches of the ___ vein. They communicate with the ____ veins (which communicates with the cavernous sinus)

A

angular; ophthalmic

52
Q

The transverse facial vein accompanies the transverse facial artery to drain into the ___ ___ vein

A

suprficial temporal

53
Q

The superficial temporal vein unites with the ___ vein to form the ____ vein

A

maxillary; retromandibular

54
Q

The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein will unite with the ___ ____ vein to form the ___ ___ vein

A

posterior auricular; external jugular

55
Q

In regards to clinical correlations with veins in the face, where is the triangle of danger?

A

between root of the nose and corners of the mouth - never squeeze pimples here; infection can be pushed into brain

56
Q

Why do relatively small cuts bleed a lot on the scalp?

A

because the CT is thick, it tends to keep veins open to prevent collapse

57
Q

Veins of the scalp are in direct communication with ___ veins and through these veins with veins of the brain

58
Q

What is the composition of the scalp?

neumonic is SCALP (lol)

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis of occiptofrontalis muscle
Loose ct
Periosteum
59
Q

Sensory innervation of the scalp comes from two sources: a cranial nerve and 4 spinal nerves. Name them

A

CN: trigeminal (V1, V2, and V3)

spinal nerves: Great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, greater occipital nerve, third occipital nerve

60
Q

The great auricular nerve is from the ventral rami of ___-___ and supplies the skin where?

A

C2-C3; in front of ear

61
Q

The lesser occipital nerve is from the ventral rami of ___-___ and supplies the skin where?

A

C2-C3; behind ear

62
Q

The greater occipital nerve is from the dorsal ramus of ___ and innervates the what part of the scalp?

A

C2; posterior part of scalp to the level of the interauricular line

63
Q

The third occipital nerve is from the dorsal ramus of ___ and innervates what area of the scalp?

A

C3; small area medial to the greater occipital nerve

64
Q

The occipital vein drains the posterior aspect of the scalp and empties into the ____ plexus, which then drains in two direction, the ___ ___ vein and the ____ ___ plexus

A

suboccipital; deep cervical; vertebral venous

Anatomy (44 decks)

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